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borders; they are of a bright green, and so nearly 

 resemble those of the chestnut-tree as scarcely 

 to be distinguished from it. The acorns are very 

 large, and their cups are short. The leaves of 

 the other variety are not so large, nor so strongly 

 veined, and tlie acorns are smaller and a httle 

 longer. The dift'crent varieties arc distinguished 

 by the form of the leaves, which in the one is 

 ovate and in the other oblong. It flowers here 

 in May and June. 



The fourth species grows on poor land in 

 rnost parts of North America, where it never at- 

 tains to a large size, and the w ood is of little 

 value. The bark is of a dark brown colour. 

 The leaves are very broad at the top, \\here they 

 have two waved indentures, which divide them 

 almost into threelobes ; they diminish gradually 

 to their base, where they are narrow ; they are 

 smooth, of a lucid green, and have short foot- 

 stalks. The acorns are smaller than those of the 

 common oak, and have short cups. 



The fifth arrives at a large size in North Ame- 

 rica, where it grows naturally. The bark is 

 smooth, of a gravish colour, but that of the 

 younger branches is darker. The leaves six 

 inches long, two inches and a half broad in the 

 middle, obtusely sinuate, each sinus ending in a 

 bristly point, bright green, standing upon short 

 footstalks : the leaves continue their verdure 

 very late in autumn ; so that unless hard frost 

 comes on early, they do not fall till near Christ- 

 inas, and do not even change their colour much 

 sooner. The acorns are a little longer than 

 those of the conmion oak, but not so thick. 

 There are several varieties. 



Ttie sixth species is esteemed preferable in 

 America to any of their other sorts for building, 

 being much the most durable. The bark is 

 grayish ; the leaves are light green, six of seven 

 inches long, and four broad ; they are regularly 

 cut almost to the midrib, and stand on shori foot- 

 stalks. The acorns greatly resemble those of ths 

 common Oak. 



The sevenih has the leaves smooth and deeply 

 sinnated ; some of the sinuses arc obtuse, and 

 others end in acute points ; they are on very 

 short footstalks : the branches are covered with 

 a purplish bark when young: the acorns arc 

 l(jng and slender; the cups rough and a little 

 prickly, sitting close to the branches. These 

 acorns are sweet, and frequently eaten by the 

 poor in the South of France : in times of scar- 

 city they grind them and make bread wiih the 

 flour. It is a native of the South of Europe, 

 flowering in May. 



The eighth species is one of the fairest species 

 of oak. The trunk rises as high as that of the 

 common oak ; the branches extend very wide on 

 every side, and are covered with a grayish bark. 



intermixed with brown spots. The leaves are 

 about three inches long, and almost two inches 

 broad, deeply cut with most of the teeth turning 

 back, and terminating in acute points ; they are 

 stiff", of a pale green on their upper side, and 

 downy on their under. The acorns have very 

 large scaly ciips, which almost cover them ; the 

 scales are woody and pointed, standing out a 

 quarter of an inch; some of the cups are as large 

 as middling apples. A native of the Levant, 

 whence the acorns are annually brought to 

 Europe for dyeing. 



The ninth has the leaves oblong and pointed, 

 and frequently lyrate; they are jagged and acute- 

 pointed, a little hoary on their underside, and 

 stand on slender footstalks. The acorns are 

 small, and have rough prickly cups. It is a na- 

 tive of the South of Europe. 

 There are several varieties. 

 The tenth species has several varieties, dlifer- 

 ing greatly in the size and shape of their leaves; 

 but these will all arise from acorns of the same 

 tree ; even the lower and upper branches have 

 very frequently leaves very diti'erent in size and 

 shape, those on the lower branches being much 

 broader, rounder, and their edges indented and 

 set with prickles ; but those on the upper long, 

 narrow, and entire. The leaves arc from three 

 to four inches long, and an inch broad near the 

 base, gradually lessening to a point ; thev are of 

 a lucid green on their upper side, but whitish 

 and downy on their under, stand upon pretty 

 long footstalks, and do not fall till they are 

 thrust off bv young leaves in the spring. The 

 acorns are smaller than those of the conmion 

 oak, but of the same sha]ie. It is a native of the 

 South of Europe, Cochincina, and Barbary. 



The eleventh is hardly a distinct species from 

 the conmion Evergreen Oak. It is a native of 

 the South of France, and flowers in June. 



The twelfth species hastwo or three varieties ; 

 one witii a broad leaf, a second with a rvarrow 

 leaf, both evergreen ; and one or two which 

 cast their leaves in atitumn ; but the broad- 

 leaved evergreen is the most common. The 

 leaves of this are entire, about two inches long, 

 and an inch and quarter broad, with a little 

 down on their under sides, on very short foot- 

 stalks : these leaves continue green throusrh the 

 winter till the middle of Mav, when thev gene- 

 rally fall off just befjre the new leaves come 

 out ; so that the trees are often almost bare foF 

 a short time. The acorns are very like those of 

 the common oak. It is a native of the South of 

 Europe, Barbary, &c. 



The exterior bark forms the cork, which is 

 taken from the tree every eight or ten years ; but 

 there is an interior bark which nourishes them, 

 so that stripping oft' the outer bark is so far from 



