R II A 



R H A 



transverse nerves from the midrib to the side.?, 

 the flowers are produced in clusters at the end 

 of the former year's shoots, and also upon the 

 first and second joints of the same year's shoot, 

 each upon a short separate pedicel ; they are 

 small, of an herbaceous colour, and are succeed- 

 ed bv small round berries, which turn red, but 

 are black when ripe. The flowers appear in 

 June, and the berries ripen in September. 



It is a native of most parts of Europe, flower- 

 inc early in May, and sometimes in April. 



The berries gathered before they are ripe, dye 

 wool green and yellow — when ripe, blue-gray, 

 blue, and green. The hark dyes yellow, and 

 with preparations of iron, black. 



There are two varieties, the broad-leafed, 

 which has larger and rougher leaves — it grows 

 naturallv on the Alps ; and the dwarf or round- 

 leafed, which is of humble growth, seldom 

 rising above two feet high — it' grows on the 

 Pyrenees. 



The fourth species is a tree which rises with 

 a pliant. shrubby stalk to the height of eight or 

 ten feet, sending out many weak slender 

 branches, garnished with oval leaves placed al- 

 ternatel\-, standing upon footstalks nearly one 

 inch long; these have three longitudinal veins, 

 and are of a pale green. The flowers come out 

 at the wings of the stalk in clusters, almost the 

 leniith of the young branches ; they are of a 

 greenish-yellow colour, and appear in June, and 

 are succecdedbybroad, roundish, buckler-shaped 

 seed-vessels, which have borders like the brims 

 of a hat, the footstalks being fastened to the 

 middle ; these have three cells, each containing 

 one seed. It is a native of the South of Eu- 

 rope, &c. 



The fifth is a shrub with alternate, shining ever- 

 green leaves, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 

 often glandular at the base, having remote ser- 

 ratures about the edge. The flowers small, 

 numerous, axillary, in short blunt racemes. 

 There is a very small bracte at the base of each 

 pedicel. The flowers are male and female or 

 imp/crfect hermaphrodites, on the same or dif- 

 ferent individuals. 



It is a native of the South of Europe and of 

 Barbarv. The fresh branches or young shoots, 

 with the leaves, will dye wool a fine yellow. It 

 flowers in April. 



There arc varieties with variegated leaves, 

 connnonly called Bloatched Phillyrea by the 

 nurserynien : and with the leaves striped with 

 white and with yellow, called Silver and Gold- 

 striped Alaternus. 



The latter has the leaves much longer and 

 narrower, and the serratures on the edges much 

 deeper: this shoots its branches more erect. 



forms a handsomer bush, and is equally 

 hardy. 



It is observed, that the Phillyrea is some- 

 times, and according to some, there are also the 

 large-growing, the small-growiug, the broad- 

 leaved, the narrow-jagged-leaved, the vellow- 

 stripcd jagged-leaved, the white-striped jagged- 

 leaved — All which are confounded with the 

 Alaternus, by such as are not botanists; but 

 they may easily be distinguished by the posi- 

 tion of their leaves, which are alternate in thisj 

 but placed opposite by pairs in that. 



It is observed, that the Alaternus was much 

 more in request formerly than at present; hav- 

 ing been planted against walls in court-yards to 

 cover them, as also to form evergreen hedges in 

 gardens, for which purpose it is very improper, 

 as the branches shoot very vigorously, and being 

 pliant are frequently displaced by the wind ; 

 in winter, when much snow falls in still wea- 

 ther, the weight of it often breaks the branches; 

 these hedges must also be clipped three times in 

 a season to keep them in order, which is both 

 expensive and occasions a great litter in a 



garden. 



1 he sixth species is a tree with round branches. 

 The leaves are very finely serrate, three -nerved, 

 at the base on one side narrower, retuse, and 

 there more deeply crenate, petioled. The 

 flowers very many, axillary, each on very short 

 pedicels, five-cleft, five-stairiened ; style bifid. 

 Close to the petioles is a very small recurved 

 prickle ; but sometimes this is wanting. But 

 according to Miller, it rises with shrubby stalks 

 ten or twelve feet high, sending out many slen- 

 der branches, which have a yellowish bark, and 

 are armed with single recurved thorns (prickles) 

 at each joint. The leaves are round, heart- 

 shaped, about two inches in length and breadth, 

 and indented at the footstalk; they have three 

 nerves, and are covered with a yellowish down 

 on their under side. The flowers come out in 

 clusters from the wings of the branches, arc 

 small, of a yellowish colour, and succeeded by 

 oval fruit about the size of small olives, inclosing 

 a stone of the same shape. It is a native of the 

 East Indies. 



The seventh is a tree which has the leaves 

 half-cordate or so on the upper side, but half- 

 lanceolate on the hinder side, three-nerved, with 

 the nerves branching, tonientose underneath, 

 glaucous, on the wider side scarce manifestly 

 serrate, petioled. In the axils on the opposite 

 side are very many small clustered flowers, but 

 on the same side with the petiole behind, is a 

 recurved prickle. It is a native of the island of 

 Ceylon. 

 In the eighth, according to Thunbcrg, the stem 



