S C A 



S C A 



p'ina, Alpine Scabious ; 2. S. leucantka, Snowy 

 Scabious J 3. S. succiia, Dcvil's-bit Scabious; 

 4. iS. mtegrij'oUa, Hed-fiovvcred Annua! Scabi- 

 ous ; 5. iS. (aiarlca, Giant Scabious; 6. S. 

 gramtiiitla. Cut-leaved Scabious ; '/. S. s/ctldta, 

 Starry Scabious; 8. S. atiopurpiirea. Sweet Sca- 

 bious; 9. S. arpentia, Silvery Scabious ; 10. S. 

 gramiyiijhlia, Grass-leaved Scabious; 11. S. 

 jlfricana, African Scabious; 12. S. Crciicu, Cre- 

 tan Scabious. 



The first has a perennial root, composed of 

 niauy strong fibres which nui dcp in the 

 ground : the stems several, strong, channelled, 

 upwards of four feet high : the leaflets four or 

 five pairs, unequal in size and irregularly placed, 

 ending in acute points: the flowers are on naked 

 peduncles at the ends of the branches, of a 

 whitish yellow colour, appearing at the end of 

 June, it is a native of tlie Alps of Switzer- 

 land, 8cc. 



The second species has a perennial root : the 

 lower leaves almost entire, serrate : stem stiff", 

 two feet high, bifid at top, spreading; in the di- 

 vision arises a naked peduncle, which, as also 

 the divisions, are each terminated by a single 

 flower, composed of manv white florets. It is 

 a native of the South of France, &c. 



The third has also a perennial, oblong, 

 blackish root, near the thickness of the little 

 finger, often growing obliquely, stumped at the 

 lower end so as to appear as if bitten off, whence 

 its trivial name, and furnished with long whitish 

 fibres : the stem from a foot to eighteen inches 

 in height, upright, branched at top, round, 

 rough with hair, and often of a reddish colour : 

 the branches are lengthened out, and each bears 

 one flower : the root-leaves are ovate, quite en- 

 tire, blunter than the others; the stem-leaves 

 lanceolate, the lower ones remotely toothed, but 

 the upper ones entire ; all dark-green, rather 

 coriaceous, harsh and hairy : the flowers in nearly 

 globular heads. It is a native of Europe, flower- 

 iug from August to the end of October. 



The fourth species has an annual root : the 

 stem is not hispid : the branches patulous : the 

 root-leaves, like those of the Daisy, ovate, 

 bluntish, rugged, more acutely serrate; stem- 

 leaves few ; branch-leaves lanceolate, embracing, 

 ciliate at the base, seldom toothed or pinnatifid, 

 very long. It is a native of Germany, flower- 

 ing from June to August. 



The fifth rises with a strong branching 

 stalk four or five feet high, closely armed with 

 stiff prickly hairs ; lower hairs spear-shaped, 

 about seven inches long, and near four broad 

 in the middle, deeply "cut on the sides; the 

 stem-leaves more entire, some of them sharply 

 serrate ; those at the top linear and entire : the 

 3 



flowers from the sides and at the top of the 

 stalks, white, and each silting in a bristly caly.x ; 

 the root is biennial. It is a native of Tar- 

 tarv, &c. 



The sixth species has the root leaves villose, 

 ash-coloured, deeply pinnatifid; with the pin- 

 nules blunt, distinct, the lower ones linear and 

 entire, the upper gradually wider, blunt, gash- 

 toothed : the stem-leaves bipinnate, with the 

 leaflets linear, narrow, unequal, scarcely pu- 

 bescent : the stem a foot and half in heiiiht : it 

 flowers very late, even in November, and is 

 perenniaL It is a native of the South of 

 France, &c. 



The seventh is annual, the stems three feet 

 high, hairy : the leaves oblong, deeply notched; 

 the upper ones cut almost to the midrib into fine 

 segments : the flowers on long peduncles : the 

 receptacles are globular: the florets large, 

 spreading open like a star, of a pale purple co- 

 lour. It is a native of Spain and Barbary, 

 flowering in July and August. 



It vanes with different jagged leaves, and with 

 red and white flowers. 



The eighth species has a fibrous annual bien- 

 nial root, crowned with a large tuft of oblong 

 leaves, variously jagged and cut on the edges: the 

 stems upright, numerously branched on every side, 

 three feet high ormore: the calyx is twelve-leaved, 

 recurved, linear, the length of the corolla : the 

 flower very dark purple, with white anthers : the 

 fruit ovate: the receptacle subulate, with bristle- 

 sha]:)ed chaffs. It flowers from June to October : 

 the flowers are very .sweet, and there is a great va- 

 riety in their colour, some being of a purple ap- 

 proaching to black, others of a pale purple, some 

 red and others variegated. It al-o varies in the 

 leaves, some being finer cut than others : and 

 sometimes from the side of the calyx come out 

 many slender peduncles sustaining small flow- 

 ers, like the (proliferous or) Hen-and-chicken 

 Daisy. 



The ninth is a low perennial plant, with a 

 branching stalk spreading wide on every side; 

 the leaves are of a silvery colour ; the flowers 

 are small, pale, and have no scent : the stem 

 has white hairs thinly scattered over it : the 

 root-leaves are somewhat toothed; stem-leaves 

 undivided, and ciliate towards the base. It is a 

 native of the Levant, flowering from June to 

 October. 



The tenth species has a perennial root, from 

 which arise three or four stalks, the low'er parts of 

 which have linear leaves about four inches long, 

 and the eighth of an inch broad, of a silvery co- 

 lour, ending" in acute points : the upper part of 

 the stalk is naked for six or seven inches in 

 length, and sustains at the top one pale-blue 



