SCO 



SCR 



yellow flower, which is succeeJeil hy a thick 

 tvvi>teJ pod, the size and appearance of a lar^e 

 2,rei.n caterpillar. It is a native of the South 

 of Europe. 



The second species has stronger stalks than- 

 the first ; the leaves are much broader ; the pe- 

 duncles support two smaller flowers ; the pods 

 are slender, longer and more twisted, and are 

 armed with blunt spines on their outside. It is 

 a native of the South of Europe, 



The third has slenderer stalks than either of 

 the former ; the leaves stand upon shorter foot- 

 stalks, but are shaped like those of the first sort; 

 the peduncles are slender, and frequently sup- 

 port three flowers ; the pods are slender, not so 

 much twisted as the former, and armed on their 

 outside with sharp distinct spines. It is a na- 

 tive of the South of Emope, and Barbarv. 



Culture. — These plants may be increased by 

 sowing the seeds in the places where they are to 

 remain \\\ the early spring months, three or four 

 seeds being put in, in a place, the plants should 

 be thinned properly and kept clean from weeds 

 afterwards, when they will produce flowers, and 

 pods having the resemblance of caterpillars, 

 about the month of June. 



The first sort is the most deserving of culti- 

 vation, as being the largest in the pods and 

 most perfectly formed. 



They aftbrd ornament and variety in their 

 curious pods. 



SCOKZONERA, a genus containing a plant 

 of the tap-rooted escuk-nt kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Sijiigenesia 

 Poli/gamia j^qtmlis, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Compositce SemiflosculoscB. 



The characters are : that the calyx is com- 

 mon, imbricate, long, subcylindrical : scales 

 about fifteen, scariose at the edge: the corolla 

 compound, imbricate, reniform : eoroUcts her- 

 maphrodite numerous, the outer a little lontfer ; 

 proper one-petalled, ligulate, linear, truncate, 

 five-toothed : the stamina have five capillary 

 filaments, very short ; anther cylindrical, tubu- 

 lar : the pistillum is an oblong germ: style fili- 

 form, length of the stamens : stigmas two, re- 

 flexed : there is no pericarpium : calyx ovate- 

 oblong, converging and finally spreading and 

 reflexed : the seeds solitary, oblong, cylindrical, 

 striated, shorter by half than the calyx : pappus 

 feathered, sessile, with chafty and bristly rays 

 mixed : the receptacle naked. 



The species cultivated is S. Hispanica, Gar- 

 den Viper's-grass, or Spanish Seorzonera. 



It has a carrot-shaped root, about the thick- 

 ness of a finger, and covered with a dark brown 

 skin ; it is white within, and has a milky juice: 

 the lower leaves nine or ten inches long, and an 



inch and half broad in the middle, ending with 

 a long acute point : the stalk three feet high, 

 smooth, brandling at top, and ha\iugonita 

 few narrow eml;raemg leaves : the flowers are 

 bright yellow. It is a native of Spam, the Soutli 

 of France, 8cc. 



It is cultivated for the root, which is boiled 

 and eaten as carrots, or it may be fried in bat- 

 ter, which is probably the better way of using 

 it. They arc ready i'or use in the autumn aud 

 winter season. 



Culture. — These crops should be raised from 

 seed sown either in the autumn or spring sea- 

 son, about April, in an open spot of ground 

 where the soil is light and fine. The best mode of 

 sowing them is in shallow drills, about a foot 

 apart, in a thin manner, covering them in to 

 the depth of half an inch ^ the plants, when of 

 some growth, should be thinned out when they 

 are too thick, to the distance of six or eight 

 inches, keeping them clean from weeds by hoeing. 

 Some also raise them by sowing the seed 

 broad-east over the surface, and afterwards 

 thinnins the plants or transplanting them into 

 other beds ; but the first is the most successful 

 method, and transplanting should never be 

 practised with tap- rooted plants. 



The roots may be taken up in the autumn, 

 and preserved in the same manner as those of 

 carrots ; but they are sometimes left in the 

 ground to be pulled as they are made use of. 



In order to save seed, some of the best plants 

 should be left where sown, to run to seed, which^ 

 when perfectly ripened, should be collected and 

 preserved in a dry situation till wanted. 

 SCOTCH FIR. See Pin us. 

 SCREW-PINE. See Pandanus. 

 SCREW-TREE. See Helicteres. 

 SCROPHULARIA, a eenus comprising 

 plants of the fibrous-rooted, herbaceous, and 

 shrubby kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Didynamla 

 Angiosperrnia, aud ranks in the natural order of 

 Personatts. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed perianth, five-cleft, permanent : segments 

 shorter than the corolla, rounded : the corolla 

 one-petalled, unequal : tube globular, larger, 

 inflated : border five-parted, very small : seg- 

 ments, the two upper larger, erect ; t\\ o lateral, 

 spreading a little ; one lowest, bent back ; the 

 stamina have four linear filaments, declining, 

 length of the corolla; of which two are later: 

 anthers twin : the pistillum is an ovate germ , 

 style simple, situation and lensthofthe stamens: 

 stigma simple: the pericarpium is a roundish 

 capsule, acuminate, two-celled, two-valved : 

 partitiuu folded, constructed of the margins of 



