S T O 



S T O 



before being grafted ; •whether raised from tlie 

 freed, &c., of wild or cultivated trees, until 

 worked with grafts or buds ; but with the di- 

 stinction of wild crabs, and free crabs. 



Free Slocks. — This is commonly applied to 

 such as are raised from the kernels of the fruit, 

 layers, &c. of any of the cultivated garden and 

 orchard fruit-trees and others, which often ])rove 

 .more free clean shooters than the wild crabs, 

 and are more proper than they for choice apples, 

 rpears, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and plums, 

 to improve the growth of the trees and tjualily 

 of the fruit, 



Duti if Slocks. — ^Tlicsc are such as are raised 

 from low growing trees, of a shrub-like nature, 

 or but very moderate tree-growth, being used 

 for the lower and middling sorts of standards, 

 and to foim dwarfs, either for walls or espaliers, 

 or as dwarf standards in small gardens, and 

 others occasionally for variety, as well as for 

 planting in forcing-frames, or to pot for forc- 

 ing, or curiosity, &c., as the paradise apple and 

 codlin stock, for dwarfing apples; the i]uince 

 stock, fl)r pears ; the bird cherry, morello, and 

 small May cherry stock, for cherries; the bullace 

 and muscle stock for dwarfing apricots, peaches, 

 and nectarines, and sometimes dwarf-almond 

 stocks for the two latter, when designed to have 

 these trees of a very dwarfish growth, either to 

 pot for curiosity, or for forcing in small forcing- 

 frames. 



The most dwarfish kinds are : the paradise 

 jStock, bird-cherrv, black bullace, and dwarf 

 almond ; but thev are not so proper in general 

 culture as conmion dwarf- trees, as they never 

 attain a large growth, sufficient to produce any 

 considerable quantity of fruit : the codlin dwarf 

 stocks, quince stock, morello cherry, and mus- 

 cle-plum stocks, are proper for the middling 

 or larger kinds of dwarf trees, either for walls 

 or espaliers, or dwarf and half standards : they 

 are all raised from suckers, layers, or cuttings. 



Sorls of' Slocks adapted to each Kind. — For 

 apples, in a'l the kinds, they are those of their 

 own sort, raised from the kernels of any of the 

 cultivated apples or crab for common standards, 

 and the larger kinds of dwarfs; but the wild 

 crab stock is often esteemed preferable to the 

 free stock, for its hardy and durable nature, on 

 which to graft common standards, and some- 

 times dwarfs for espaliers; and for lower dwarfs, 

 •the codiin, Siberian crab, and paradise stock 

 are sometimes used ; the formtr for middling 

 ■dwarfs, and the latter for the smallest dwarfs : 

 ihcy are all easily raised, the free stock and 

 .crabs from the kernels of the fruit; and the cod- 

 lin and paradi.^e stock, likewise from suckers, 

 Jaycrs, and cuttings. 5ec PviiUs Malus. 



For the pear, it is chiefly grafted and budded 

 on pear stocks for general use, but on quince 

 for dwarfs ; the former chiefly raised from the 

 kernels of any sort of pears; and the latter frcclv 

 by suckers, layers, and cuttings; but the pear 

 stock is always to be jiveferred for the general 

 supply of larger trees, for all common standards, 

 and the larger dwarf pear trees for extensive 

 V. alls and espaliers : the quince stock is estima- 

 ble principally for its dwarfing ])ropertv, or in 

 being productive of moderate shijotuig trees for 

 walls, espalier's, or middling standards, sooner 

 arriving to a bearing growth. In order to form 

 dwarf pears, white-thorn stocks, raised from 

 seed, were formerly sometimes in repute, but 

 they are very improper, as the trees rarely pro- 

 sper well ; as the goodness of the pear is often 

 inrproved or diminished by the nature of the 

 stock on which it is grafted, it is of importance 

 to use free stocks, raised fVom the kei'nels of the 

 . best summer and autunm pears as much as pos- 

 sible ; and the prime pears should be worked 

 always on the finest free-shooting stocks of the 

 most cultivated-like growths : sometimes, to im- 

 prove the quality of particular choice kinds of 

 pears, it is the practice to double work them, 

 which is to graft the best sorts into free stocks 

 in the spring, which shoot the same year ; 

 then about midsunmier, or soon after, to bud 

 the young shoots of the graft with buds of the 

 prime sorts of pear, suffering only the shoots 

 from the second budding to run up to form the 

 tree: the breaking kind of pears are often ren- 

 dered less hard and stony in this wav, and the 

 melting property of others is considerably im- 

 proved. SeePvRUS communis. 



For quinces, two sorts of stocks are occa- 

 sionally used, as that of its own kind, and the 

 pear stock ; the quince stocks are raised from 

 seed, suckers, and cuttings, 8tc., and the pear 

 kinds from the kernels of any sort of pears ; but 

 as all the varieties of quinces are so e.xpedi- 

 tiously raised with certainly the same by layers 

 and cuttings, it renders the raising of stocks for 

 grafting or budding them on almost unneces- 

 sary. See FvRus Cydonia. 



For plums, the operation is performed only 

 upon stocks of their own kind, raised from the 

 stonesofany sort of cultivated plum, or bv suck- 

 ers and layers, as the most certain methods to 

 obtain any particular \ariety of free plum stock, 

 as the muscle-plum stock, which many prefer 

 as the best stock of all on which to work the 

 finer kinds of plums, as generally producing 

 very thriving moderate-growing, fruitful trees ; 

 raising it, not from seed, which would vary ex- 

 ceeding y, but by suckers from the root of real 

 muscle-plum trees, or ol those worked upon 



