S T O 



S T O 



between the rows an nuall)'iiulie winterer spring; 

 and training the stoeks eaeh to one stem ; pre- 

 serving their lop alwavs entire ; i)i.it trimming off 

 the strong iatevals beh)\v, to tnconraqe the strength 

 of the main stem, when they will be lit for graft- 

 ing or bndding, in from one to two or tinee 

 years. See Planting. 



'i"hey are proper for working when from 

 about the size of a large gnose-quiil, as already 

 observed, to the thiekness of a man's little fin- 

 ger, or a little more; but the sooner they are 

 worked after they are of a due size, the better 

 they succeed, and the sooner they form trees. 

 Sec Grafting and Budding. 



In some cases, however, where the stocks 

 have shot freclv the first summer after planting 

 out from the seed-bed, many of them may pro- 

 bably be of aduesize to graft the following spring 

 and summer, at five or six inches height, to 

 form dwarfs for walls and espaliers, he, or 

 even, in some sorts, for full or half standards, 

 provided the first main shoot from the graft or 

 bud is traini-.d up singly, two or three years, to 

 form the stem, of from four or five to six or 

 Seven feet stature : however, if they have grown 

 but moderately the first and second seasons, and 

 arc not generally in a condition for the opera- 

 tion of grafting or budding, it is better to let 

 them have another year's growth. 



In the second mode, the suckers of all the 

 trees which afford them should be planted off at 

 one year's growth in autumn, winter, ors]''rino', 

 wluch is a very expeditions method of raising 

 several sorts of stocks ; so that, after being trans- 

 planted into the nursery, they often in one or 

 two years' growth afford ])roper stoeks for the 

 reception of grafts and buds ; and many of them 

 are often fit for budding in the summer follow- 

 ing, at the proper budding season, or for graft- 

 ine: the sprintr after. 



O 1 ^ 



'I'he suckers are generally fit to take up for 

 the purpose of stocks, when of one year's 

 growth, about the size of a tobacco-pipe, or 

 but little bigger, and should be collected in au- 

 tumn or the early part of winter ; taking them up 

 as well rooted as possible, cutting off all knots 

 ■or knobbed woody parts of the old roots that 

 may adhere to their bottom, trimmin<r the strag- 

 gling fibres, and cutting off all side-shoots from 

 the stem; then planting them in rows two feet 

 asunder, and one foot distant in the lines ; 

 treading the mould gently to their roots, and 

 finishing the work by levelling the surface be- 

 tween the rows: the culture afterwards, till graft- 

 ed or budded, is nearly the same as that of the 

 seedling stocks, keeping them clean from weeds in 

 sunmier by hoeing; and probably some of the 

 strongest shooters may be fit to bud in the July 



Vo'l, II. 



or August following; though the general part 

 will require two years' growth before they are 

 proper for working; still continuing them all fcC 

 one stent, by timely displacing strong laterals, 

 and preserving their top or leading shoot gene- 

 rally entire until grafted. See. 



1"he third nicthod is practised for some sorts 

 of stocks of fruit and other trees, and when any 

 particular variety of stock is required, such as 

 the paradise slock for apples, nuisclc-plurt\ for 

 peaches, &c., that they mav be obtained of the 

 real sort with certainty : but as this method of 

 raising stocks would be attended with great 

 trouble for general crafting and budding, it is 

 only practised occasionally. In jiroviding them 

 in aniunin or winter, some of the young shoots 

 of such trees as have the branches naturally 

 growing near the ground, or in which the stems 

 have been cut down low while young, to force 

 out branches near the botton), to furnish shoots 

 properly situated for laying, should be slit-layed 

 in the common method, when they will mostly be 

 rooted by the autumn following, and be (it to take 

 off and plant into the nurser)', being managed 

 as directed for the seedling and sucker stocks. 



In the last method, cuttin<v3 of the last )'ear'3 

 shoots should be chosen in autumn, planting 

 them in the nursery, in a somewhat shady bor- 

 der, giving occasional waterinsis the following 

 spring and beginning of summer in dry weather, 

 when they will be mostly well rooted by next 

 antnnni, and may be then planted out in nur- 

 sery-rows two feet asunder, managing them as 

 the others : they should be kept with upright 

 stem's, except any should assume a stunted or 

 crooked growth, in which case they should be 

 headed down to the ground in spring, when they 

 will push out strong from the bottom the en- 

 suing summer, training them to one stem, and 

 with their leading top-shoot entire as above ; and 

 according as all the sorts advance in growth, thsy 

 should be divested of strong lateral shoots be- 

 low, repeating it particularly in the tallerstandard 

 stocks, to encourage their upright direction inore 

 expeditiously to the proper grafting and budding 

 heiirhts. 



Tiie proper methods of grafting and budding 

 are shown under the culture of the ditierent 

 kinds, 



STONE-CROP. See Seddm. 



STONE-CKOP TREE. See Chhxopodium. 



STOOLS, such heailed-down young trees 

 and shrubs in the nursery as are appropriate4 

 for the production of an annual supply of loucr 

 shoots or branches near the ground, properly 

 situated for layering. Ste Laving. 



Trees and shrubs for ih's purpose are gene- 

 rally headed down to the bottom in the inirsery, 

 3L 



