T R A 



T R A 



abounding with a sweet milkv juice, which soon 

 turns to a brown resin, from the evaporation of 

 its watery particles : the herb smooth, glaucous, 

 about four feet hiyh : the stem round, erect, 

 branching, kafy: the leaves lanceolate, scarcelv 

 waved, ending in a tapering straightish point: the 

 flowers solitary, terminating: the stalk which 

 supports them tapering from the calyx down- 

 wards ; of a purple colour. 



It is cultivated in gardens under the name of 

 Salsafy. The roots boiled or stewed have a 

 mild sweetish flavour. The stalks are also cut 

 in. the spring, when they are four or live inches 

 high, and dressed like Asparagus. 



'l"hc second species has a biennial root, fusi- 

 form or fleshy tapering, abounding with milk, 

 which is sweet not acrid : the whole herb smooth 

 and very even : the stems several, branched, 

 eighteen inches or two feet high, leafy, round, 

 often tinged with purple: the branches elongated 

 into a simple naked peduncle : the leaves alter- 

 nate, sessile, sortie radical, others embracing 

 the stem and branches, all broad and somewhat 

 inflated at the base, but terminating in a long 

 narrow point, which is flaccid or apt to hang 

 down; very generally the margin towards the 

 bottom is more or less waved or curled : the pe- 

 duncles terminating, solitary, one-flowered, not 

 swelling out at toj), but of an e(]ual thickness 

 throughout : the flowers large and handsome, 

 opening at day-break, and closing before noon. 

 It is a native of Europe and Siberia, flowering in 

 June. 



The third resembles the first, but is scarcely a 

 foot high : the leaves are villose at the base, but 

 become smooth l)y age : the flowers violet, of 

 two rows only, but in the middle rather yellow. 

 It is a native of Italy and the South of France, 

 and is biennial. 



The fourth species has a perennial, thick and 

 succulent root : the stems about a foot high, 

 sometimes less : the leaves large, thick, villose, 

 toothed and sinuated; the upper ones often en- 

 tire: from the centre of the root-leaves, which 

 spread in a lose, rises a naked thick flower-stalk, 

 villose and thicker in the upper part, where it 

 terniin-ates in a very large flower of a pale yel- 

 low or sulphur colour. It is a native of Spain, 

 and the South of France, &c. flowering from 

 June to October. 



Ci/l/iire. — The first sort is only raised from 

 seed, which should be sown in the spring, in 

 an open situation to remain, either broad cast 

 and raked in, or in shallow drills eight or nine 

 inches asunder, scattering the seeds thinly, and 

 covering them half an incii deep; and when the 

 plants are come up two or three inches in height, 

 they should be thiimed and weeded by hand or 



the hoc, leaving them eight or ten inches asun- 

 der, repeating the weeding as required during 

 the summer, which is all the culture they re- 

 quire, and they will have large roots by the 

 autumn, as September or October, when they 

 may be begun taking up for use; and in No- 

 vember, when the leaves begin to decay, a 

 quantity be preserved in sand for use in time of 

 severe frost, when those in the ground cannot 

 be got up. 



In spring, when those remaining in the 

 ground begin to shoot, the shoots, when a few 

 inches high, may be cut for use, which, when 

 quite young and tender, on being boiled, are 

 excellent eating. A few plants should be suf- 

 fered to run up to stalk every spring, to produce 

 seeds. 



The two following sorts may also be raised 

 from seed in the same way, and the plants, 

 when a little advanced in growth, be planted out 

 if they are required for variety in any particular 

 part. 



The third sort may also be propagated by 

 parting the roots in autumn and spring, and 

 planting them where they are to remain. 



The first is a culinary plant, and the others 

 afford variety in the borders, Sec. 



TRAINED TREES, such young fruit-trees 

 as are designed for walls and espaliers, being 

 trained in the nursery to the intended form, by 

 planting against any kind of walls, pales, reed- 

 hedge, or other close fence ; when a year old 

 from the grafting or budding, training them in 

 the manner of wall or espalier trees, for two, 

 three, or more years, till they obtain a good 

 spread of branches, and are arrived to a fruitful 

 state, in order that those who are in haste to 

 have their walls or espaliers covered at once with 

 bearing trees, may have it accomplished in one 

 season. The trees thus trained in the nursery, 

 &c. on being planted out in autumn or spring 

 to the places intended, cover the wall or espalier 

 in some manner at once, and often bear fruit the 

 ensuing summer. 



In the nurseries large quantities of these sorts 

 of trees arc always kept ready trained for sale, 

 particularly peaches, nectarines, and apricots for 

 walls; in many places, also, cherries and plums, 

 &:c., also ajiples, pears, and other fruit-trees, 

 for espaliers ; and are proper to furnish the walls 

 and espaliers of new gardens, and occasionally 

 those of old ones, to bear fruit, till younger 

 trees, planted untrained, become fruitful, or for 

 supplying the places of old trees that fail, or 

 bear bad fruit. 



When it is intended to raise trained fruit-trees 

 for walls and espaliers, a quantity of the best 

 young plants of the respective sort>, dv\arf and 

 3 P 2 



