T R E 



T R I 



TREE CELANDINE. See Bocconia. 



TREK GERMANDER. See Teuciuum. 



TREE MALLOW. See Lavatf.ra. 



TREE PRIMROSE. See Oenothi-ra. 



TREFOIL, SHRUBBY. See Ptelia. 



TREFOIL, SNAIL. See Medicago. 



TREILLAGE, a sort oF rail work consisting 

 of ranges of light posts and railings, for the pur- 

 pose of training espalier trees to, and oeeasion- 

 ally for wall trees, where the walls do not admit 

 of nailing the branches immediately against it ; 

 likewise for training wall-trees in forcing frames, 

 &c. They are made in different ways, for use 

 and ornament, as well as of different dimen- 

 sions, from four or five to six or seven feet 

 high. 



For common espalier fruit-trees in the open 

 ground, they are absolutely necessary, and may 

 cither be formed of common stakes and rails 

 nailed together, or of regular joinery work. 



The cheapest and the easiest, and soonest 

 made Treillage for common espalier trees, is 

 that formed with any kind of straight poles or 

 stakes of underwood, as cut in the coppices, 

 being then cut into proper lengths, and driven 

 into the ground in a range at foot distances, all 

 of an ecfual height, and then railed along the 

 top with the same kind of poles, to preserve the 

 whole straight and firm in a regulaf position. 

 See Espalier. 



And to render these still stronger, two or 

 three horizontal ranges of rods may be nailed 

 along the back part of the uprights, a foot or 

 eighteen inches a^under. 



The more elegant and ornamental TreiUages 

 are formed with regularly squared posts and rails 

 of hard timber, neatly planed and framed to- 

 gether; having for this purpose deal or oak 

 posts, uniformly worked two or three inches 

 square ; but if the main posts are of oak, it will 

 be of advantage in respect to strength and durabi- 

 lity, fixing the main posts in the ground ten or 

 twelve feet asunder, w ith smaller ones between, 

 ranging the horizontal railings from post to post 

 in Three or more ranges; the first about a foot 

 from the bottom, a second at top, and one or 

 two along the middle space, and, if convenient, 

 one between each of the intermediate spaces ; 

 then fixing thin slips of lath, or the like, upright 

 to the horizontal railing as far as the branches 

 of the trees extend, ten inches or afoot asunder; 

 and painting the whole white in oil colour, to 

 render it more ornamental and durable. In 

 training the trees, their branches are tied both 

 to the railing of the Treillage, and the upright 

 laths, according as they extend in length on 

 each side. In either of the above cases, for an 



espalier, five feet is generally of sufficient height, 

 a s, if much higher, the winds, having greater 

 power, will loosen and displace them. 



Where walls are built with large stones with 

 the joints irregular and far asunder, and which 

 do not afford opportunities, like brick walls, for 

 nailing properly in the regularity which is re- 

 quired, a neat Treillage is sometimes uniformly 

 erected all along close to the wall, to train and 

 nail or tie the branches to in a regular manner. 



These may bo made of coarse pieces of 

 battens, railings, &c. or of such as are wrought 

 in a neat manner, according to the convenience 

 and taste of the person who has them. 



In frames and stoves, where wall trees are 

 intending for forcing, as they are planted both 

 against the back wall, and occasionally in a de- 

 tached low range forward towards the middle or 

 front space, Treillagcs are indispensably neces- 

 sary upon which to arrange the branches of the 

 trees in a regular expansion, not to train them 

 immediately close to the wall of the flues of that 

 department, but detached several inches, and 

 formed with light neat squared upright battens, 

 and small horizontal rails, uniformly framed 

 together in a light open manner. 



TREILLIS, a term sometimes employed to 

 signify the same as treillage. See Treillage. 



TRILLIUM, a genus furnishing plants of 

 the low, tuberous-rooted, flowery, perennial 

 kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Hexandria 

 Trigi/nia, and ranks in the natural order of Sar- 

 onenlaceie. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a three- 

 leaved perianth, spreading: leaflets ovate, per- 

 manent : the corolla has three petals, subovate, 

 a little bigger than the calyx : the stamina have 

 six awl-shaped filaments, shorter than the ca- 

 lyx, erect : anthers terminating, oblon^, leno-th 

 of the filaments : the pistillum is a roundish 

 germ: styles filiform, recurved: stigmas simple; 

 the pericarpium is a roundish berry, three-ceiled : 

 the seeds many, roundish. 



'Ilie species are: 1. T. cernuum, Droopincr 

 Trillium; 2. T. erectum, Ujiright Trillium; 

 3. T. sessile, Sessile-flowered Trillium. 



The first has a perennial tuberous root : the 

 stem is erect, afoot high, simple, round, slightly 

 striated, smooth : the leaves three together, ter- 

 minating, on short footstalks, spreaduig, rhom- 

 boidal, pointed, entire, veiny, sinooUi, paler 

 beneath : the flowers solitary, among the leaves, 

 without bractes : the flower-stalk round, a little 

 waved, smooth. It is a native of North Ame- 

 rica. 

 The second species has a taller stalk : the three 



