V A L 



V A L 



Cidcilrapa, Cut-!eavecl Valerian : 4. F". Pliu, 

 Garden Valerian; 5. F. tripttris, Three-leaved 

 Valerian; Q. F.montana, Mountain Valerian; 

 7. F. Celtica, Celtic Valerian: 8. F. lyhero'.a, 

 Tuberous-rooted Valerian; p. F. Pyrenaka, 

 Pyrenean Valerian; 10. /'. oliloria, Conunon 

 C'.ra-Saiad, or Lamb's Lettuce. 



The fir^t has woodv perennial roots, as thick 

 as a man's finger, spreading very wide: liie 

 stems about three feet high, round, smooth, 

 srrayish, hollow: at each joint arc two (some- 

 t;mes three) sniooth, spear-siiajied leaves, near 

 three inches long, ami an inch broad ; the upper 

 part sends out branches he pairs, which, witii 

 the principal stem, are terminated by red flowers 

 growing in corymbs. It is a native ot" France, 

 Switzi rland, Italy, &c. flowering all the sunnner 

 and aiitunui. 



The second species has the root not so large 

 as in the first sort : the stems two i'eet hiiih or 

 more, branching on ea;ch side from the ro<jt to 

 within six inches of the top: the leaves three or 

 four inches long, but as narrow as those of flax : 

 the upper part of the stem naked, and termi- 

 nated by a compact Lorvmb of bright red flowers, 

 smaller than those of the former. It is a native 

 of the nionntains of France, Switzerland, &c. 



The third is an annual plant; the lower leaves, 

 which spread on the ground, are cut into many 

 obtuse segments: tlie stalks, when the plants 

 are in good ground, rise near a foot ancl half 

 high, but upon dry stony soils not half so high, 

 and when they grow o\it of the joints of old 

 walls, not more than three inches in height; 

 are hollow, snjooth, and round, sending out 

 branches by pairs from the upper joints : the 

 segments of the pinnatifid leaves are very nar- 

 row : stem and branches terminated by tufts 

 (corymbs) of flowers shaped like those of the 

 fourth sort, but smaller and tinged with flesh- 

 colour at the top. It is a native of the South of 

 France, &c. finwering early in the spring. 



It va'ies with the lower leaves pinnatifid. 



The fourth species has thick roots, fleshy, 

 jointed, spreading near the surface in a very 

 irregular maimer, crossing each other, and 

 mattinij; logether by their small fibres : many of 

 the rooi-lea\es entire, others divided into three, 

 five, or seven, obtuse lobes, of a pale green and 

 quite smooth : the st;;ms three or four feet 

 high, hollow, sending out lateral branches by 

 pairs : the stem-leaves opposite at each joint, 

 composed of four or five pairs of long narrow 

 leaflets, terminated by an odd one : the stem and 

 branches terminated by corymbs of small white 

 flowers. It is a native of Silesia, Barbarv, &c. 

 flowering from May to July, with the odour of 

 the flowers veiy pleasant. 



The fifth has a perennial root, long, unequal, 

 brownish, strong-snielhng : the root-leaves ob- 

 loii2'-cordate, bluntish, smooth, obtusely ser- 

 rate-toothed, on long petioles; the two first of 

 these that come out are moie inclined to 

 roundish, and are otdy slightly crenate: the 

 stem upright, undivided, about a foot high : the 

 stum- leaves two or three pairs, smooth, ternate, 

 on short petioles: leaflets confluent at the ba^e, 

 lanceolate, acute, unequally subserrate, the 

 middle one larger than the others; they vary 

 much, being ga<h-serrate, crenate, or e\tn quite 

 entire ; the uppermost arc sometimes lanceolate- 

 linear and quite entire, sometimes pinnate with 

 five leaflets : the flowers numerous, white, in 

 loose corsmbs. It is a native of the Alps of 

 Switzerland, fiow^ering here from March to May. 



The sixth species agrees in stature and habit 

 with the preceding ; but this is more tufted, ancl 

 has the root commonly creeping horizontally, 

 more divided, and not snieilmtr so strongly: all 

 the leaves are acute, unequally serrate ortoothed 

 and smooth; the root-leaves are on long petioles, 

 and more or less attenuated at the base towards 

 the petiole: the stem-leaves vary in number, are 

 on short petioles, and rather oblong : the stem 

 is upright, simple, a foot or eighteen inches 

 high: the flowers in a corymb, whitish or pur- 

 plish. It is a native of Switzerland, Austria, 

 &e. flowering here in June and July. 



'I he seventh species has a perennial root, 

 black, oblique, with long fibres, smelling very 

 strong, aromatic, caulescent at top and scaly with 

 the remains of the deciduous leaves ; it is often 

 in tufts w ith an upright stem, four or five inches 

 high : all the leaves are quite entire and obtuse ; 

 the root-leaves subovate, and attenuated into the 

 petiole at the base; stem-leaves two, opposite, 

 linear and sessile, about the middle of the stem, 

 but there are sometimes none : the stem slender, 

 simple, terminated by a few small whitish 

 flowers in a cor\mb. It is found in Switzer- 

 land, flowering m Juns. 



'I'he eighth s[)ecies has roots perennial, and 

 tuberous, by which it is easily distinguished. It 

 is a native of the South of Europe, flowering in 

 May and June. 



'1 here is a variety with the roots in the form 

 of an olive. 



The ninth species has a perennial fibrous root, 

 from which come out many heart-shaped leaves, 

 on petiole- more than a foot in length ; they are 

 four inches over each way, bluntly serrate, 

 smooth, and of a bright green on their upper 

 surface, but pale and a little hairy underneath : 

 the stalks rise three feet high, are hollow, 

 chaiiiu-lled, and send out opposite branches 

 towards the top: the slem-kaves opposite, 



