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■in the winter ptuning ; therefore, none should 

 be left but the fine strong wood, cutting con- 

 stantly at the second, th.rd, or fourth eye ; rub- 

 bing the lowest bud oft, and that which couics 

 out at the joint between the new and la.t years 

 wood. By these means as nuich fruit Will, hesays, 

 be procured from these short shoots as by the 

 common way of pruning. It is necessary to leave 

 two or three of the strongest shoots tor next 

 year's bearing wood, and never to top them. 

 When there is not room to train them, they 

 may be led over the tops of the other trees, if 

 the vines are planted against piers ; or be run 

 behind the standards, if Iherc be any, which is 

 generallv tlie case where the a alls are high. In 

 this way ai! the wall will be covered, which will 

 have a very beautiful apix-arance when the 

 fruit is ripe, besides furnishing a plentiful sup- 

 ply of fine grapes. The shoots at the bottom of 

 the \^all mav be run behind the d>varf trees, 

 or be tacked' down over the top of the wall on 

 the other side where the walls are low. Mr. 

 ForsMh has had very fine grapes on east and 

 west' walls, in good seasons, between peaches, 

 plums, &c., particularly when the trees are 

 young." hi these cases he advises to "keep 

 cutting in the vines as the other trees grow and 

 fill up^hc walls, fie also trains them over the 

 tops of trees on each side ; which, he says, never 

 does any harm to the trees below, provided they 

 are kept nailed to the wall. He has also planted 

 vines between trees on north and east aspects, 

 and trained them over the lops of the south and 

 west walls to fill the upper parts, till the peaches 

 and nectarines cover them." He then cuts 

 away part of the vines, leaving only as many 

 shoots as he may think necessary. " Two years 

 ago, he says, he removed some old apricots that 

 covered a \\ all about one hundred and sixty-five 

 feet long, and planted them against a new wall, 

 leaving five vines that were planted against the 

 piers. These five plants have, in the course of 

 two years, covered the above wall from top to 

 bottom, and bear plenty of fine grai)e3 every 

 year. He says he alsomovedanoldvmeon a wall 

 near to the above, and cut it in pretty close, 

 when it has in three years spread twenty-six 

 yards, and bears very fine fruit. And against 

 one of the piers had, he says, been planted a 

 black Hamburgh grape, and at the other side of 

 the same pier a Muscadine, at the distance of 

 about two feet from each other ; he pruned them 

 both according to' his method,, and the second 

 year after, they produced one thousand one 

 hundred bunches of fine grapes." It is added 

 " that he also tried an experiment by taking some 

 shoots from a south wall, opening the ground 



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deep enough to lay them in across the footpath 

 at the distance of about four feet from the wall, 

 and lied tlitm to stakes, training them as espa- 

 liers, laying in the wood as dirtcted for walls, 

 and keeping them as low as possible, that they 

 might not shade the bottom of the wall ; he also 

 pruned thcui as he does tliose agani^t walls, lay- 

 ing the shoots in very long, except those that 

 were intended to bear fruit next year, from 

 which he took otf all the side-shoots and run- 

 ners against the wall and espaliers. In a favour- 

 able season these bear, he says, very fine fruit, 

 better than what is got from the walls by the 

 old method of pruning." 



The use of tiie composition is advised as soon 

 after pruning as possible ; for, as the vine is very 

 porous, It soon imbibes the wet and moisture, 

 which brings it (juickly to decay. He adds, 

 that " if at any time a vine should be cut late in 

 the season, it will be apt to bleed much ; in 

 which case the powder should be applied, re- 

 peating the application till the bleedui:: stops." 

 He stales that he " cut two strong vine T)ranclies 

 in the month of June, and three more in July, 

 in very hot weather, on purpose to try the effect 

 of the powder in stopping the bleeding. The 

 sap rose so strong that it worked out at the top 

 in a froth ; he applied the powder, which in a 

 short time entirely stopped it." These direc- 

 tions are chiefly for vines on the natural wall, 

 though the same method has been advised to be 

 practised for forced grapes. 



Grape-vines require a dry light soil, and such 

 a situation as has a full south aspect. 



Mr. Forsyth advises, "after the grapes are 

 set and begin to swell, to water them with 

 the barrow engine, sprinkling them all over the 

 leaves and frui^, pressing the fore finger over the 

 top of the pipe ; by which the water can be 

 thrown as fine as small rain, which will wash 

 all the dust off the vines and leaves, that are 

 frequently covered with it, especially where the 

 garden is'neara public road. The insects should 

 likewise be washed off the trees. In fine weather 

 he sprinkles all the wall-trees three times a week, 

 which keeps them clear from insects, and pro- 

 motes the swelling of the fruit ; but this opera- 

 tion must never, he says, be performed when the 

 nio-hts are cold and frosty. The sprinkling of 

 the trees should be begun when the sun is in an 

 oblique direction, or gone off the wall, whivh 

 may be about four o'clock on a south aspect ; as 

 bv doing it at this time the leaves will have 

 time to dry before night, and so prevent the 

 frost, if there should be any in the nighi, from 

 injuring them. In very hot and dry weather the 

 trees should have a good bottom watering once 

 3 U2 



