W A L 



WAT 



after the vouno; trees begin to push their shont- 

 biuls, is ot'teii altcntlfd with bad success. 



The soil tor wall-trees should be a good drv 

 mellow garden earth, not less than one full 

 spade deep; but if two or mere, it will hi ad- 

 vantageous : or where a good moderately light 

 loamv soil prevails, it is superior for mo>! sorts 

 of fruit-trees ; and wheneiniched by good garden 

 compost it is still more beneficial. 



The most proper aspects for the c'itTerent 

 kinds are as above ; and the methods of plant- 

 ing, training, pruning, and nailina, of the dif- 

 ferent sorts are explainetl under their particular 

 etdture, in the several heads. 



WALL- FLOWER. See Cheiranthus. 



WALL-PEPI'LR. See Seddm. 



WALNUT TREE. SeeJuGLANs. 



WALTHERIA, a genus affording plants of 

 the woody exotic kind. 



ft belongs to the class and order Mo/iadt'Iphia 

 Pentamhia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Cnlum7iifenE. 



The characters are: that the calyx is a perianth 

 (double : outer one-sided, three-leaved, deci- 

 duous; cav. inner) one-leafed, half- five-cleft, 

 acute, cup-shaped, permanent : the corolla has 

 five petals, obcordate, spreading, fastened at 

 bottoiTi to the lube of filaments : the stamina 

 have five filaments, united into a tube, free 

 above, spreading, short : anthers ovate : the 

 pistillum is an ovate germ : style filiform, longer 

 than the stamens: stigmas pencilled : the peri- 

 carpuun is an obovate capsule, one-celled, two- 

 valved : the seed one, obtuse, wider above. 



The species cultivated are : \. IV. Americana, 

 American Waltheria : 2. IV. Indica, Indian 

 Waltheria: 3. JV.. angustifoUa, Narrow-leaved 

 Waltheria. 



The first has a soft, woody stem, about two 

 feet high, sending out two or thee side branches : 

 the leaves alternate, of a pale yellowish green 

 colour, soft and hairy : the flowers collected in 

 a close thick spike at the top of the stem, having 

 soft hairy calyxes : the petals connected at their 

 base, small, bright yellow, spreading. It is a 

 native of South America, Sec. 



The second species rises with a shrubby 

 branching stalk to the height of eight or ten feet, 

 and is covered with soft hairs : the leaves alter- 

 nate, pctiolcd, four inches long, and two inches 

 broad in the middle, rounded at both ends, of a 

 yellowish green colour, very hairy and soft, 

 having several longitudinal veins : the heads 

 axillary, sessile, composed of clusters of very 

 small yellow flowers, which just peep out of 

 their soft yellow calvxes. It is a native of India. 



The third has woody stalks, six or seven feet 

 hio-h, dividing into several branches, which are 



less hniry than those of the second sort: the- 

 leaves about three inches and a half long, and 

 an inch and half broad, of a yellowish green 

 colour, not so soft as those of the second, having 

 many veins running from the midrib, standing 

 upon very long footstalks : the flowers very 

 sma'l, yellow, collected into round, clusters,- 

 standmg upon very short peduncles, close to the 

 axils. They appear in June, July, ap.d August. 

 It is a native of the East Indies. 



Culture. — These plants may be increased by 

 seeds, which must be sown on a hot-l>ed ; and 

 \\hen the plants are fit to plant out, they must 

 be each removed into a separate small pot, and. 

 plunged rnto a fresh hot-bed, being afterward 

 treated in the sanje manner as. other tender plants- 

 of the same nature, being kept in the bark- 

 stove. In the second year thev flower and pro- 

 duce seeds, but may be continued three or four 

 years if they be often shifted, and the roots 

 pared to keep them within compass. In the 

 view of keepmg the roots out of the tan, they 

 should be drawn up out of it at le.ast once 

 in six weeks, during the summer season, and 

 the plants be shifted out of the pots once in two 

 months : with this management ihe second and. 

 third sorts may be continued several years, but 

 the first seldom endures longer than two. 



They have a good eft'ect in stove collections. 



WART-WORT. See Euphorbia. 



WATER, a well known useful article iri' 

 gardening, for watering numerous sorts of young- 

 plants and trees, seed-beds, &c., especially in 

 the droughty spring and sunnner seasons, both 

 such as grow in the full ground, and in pots iu 

 the open air, as well as those in green-houses, 

 stoves, hot-beds, &;c. : and also in ornamehtaf 

 designs, in pleasure grounds, parks, &c., either 

 when formed into regular pieces, circular, oval, 

 or in oblong or serpentine canals, 8tc., likewise 

 when varied in a somewhat natural expanse in 

 curves and bendings. 



In forming designs of this sort, the nature of' 

 the supply should be first considered, whether it 

 be by springs in or near the place, by currents- 

 or streams passing through, or so nearly adja- 

 cent as to admit of being conducted to tlic- 

 place : or by being conducted from some neigh- 

 bouring river, brook, or lake, he., by means 

 of pipes or small cuts, or by being collected 

 issuing from higher grounds, and conducted by 

 proper channels. And another circumstance- 

 equally necessary is to consider the means by 

 which it n)ay be retained afterwards. In a loose 

 earthy, sandy, or gravelly bottom, it will soon 

 sink away, especially in dry weather, unless- 

 therc is a constant current or flow of water run- 

 ning in ; but in a naturally strong clayey bottom 



