W A T 



W A T 



of proper thickness both at sides and bt'iow, it 

 iiias' be retained in some tolerable dc2;rcc. 



Ill most cases art, houever, will be necessary 

 in this business. See Basons, &c. 



Where it is easily attainable in any of the 

 above modes, it should not be omitted, in a 

 smaller or larger scale, especially in grounds of 

 any consideiable extent; but where intended 

 principally as reservoirs for watering gardens, 

 they may be of much more moderate dimensions 

 than wiien designed for ornament; and may be 

 formed either in a circular manner, an oblong 

 canal, pond, or cut, 8cc., where the supply of 

 water can be most conveniently procured. 



Ornamental plats or pieces of water in plea- 

 sure-grounds are very desirable, as being great 

 additions to the beautv, variety, and embellish- 

 ment of them, when properly disposed, and con- 

 trasted with some nearly-adjoining detached 

 c!um|)s of plantation, and bounded with a proper 

 expanse of grass ground, spreading from the 

 verge considerably outwards. 



In general, when any spaces of water, on a 

 larger or smaller scale, are intended, they should 

 be disposed as conspicuously as possible in some 

 principal division; either sometimes at or near 

 the termination of a spacious open lawn, or oc- 

 casionally in some other similar open space ; and 

 sometimes disposed more or less internally in 

 some central or other grand opening; in all of 

 which, an expanse of water lias a line effect. 



The particular forms may be adapted to the 

 nature of the situation, and the extent to that 

 fo the supply of water that can be had. 



Cascades or waterfalls are also occasionally 

 introduced in extensive pleasure-grounds where 

 there is the advantage of a rivulet, by which they 

 may be formed either in one large fall, or in two 

 or three smaller ones in succe.-.tion, having large 

 rough stones placed below to break the water, 

 and increase the sound of the torrent in its fall 

 and passage over them, in some degree similar 

 to that peculiar lo natural cascades. And foun- 

 tains, spouting water from images, &c. are 

 sometimes introduced in the centre of small or 

 moderate basons, or other reservoirs of waler 

 in gardens, or grounds where a supplying head 

 of water is conveniently situated sufficiently 

 high to raise and throw the water from the jet 

 or spout in a continued full stream to a consi- 

 derable height, which falliua in the bason, keeps 

 the water of it in motion, prevents stagnation, 

 and is thereby rendered more proper for keeping 

 and breeding llsh of the gold and silver kinds, 

 &c. and the spouting and falling of the water has 

 a refreshing elfect in the heat of summer. 



Inthe business of forming the ground for 

 waler, the earth must be excavated to a proper 



Vof.. U. 



depth, gradually sloping from the verge to the 

 middle, from three to four or five feet deep; 

 sometimes, however, in low situations, the place 

 is naturally hollowed in some degree, so as not 

 to require a general excavation, or only in parti- 

 cular parts, and some general regulations to the 

 whole, which in extensive designs is a consi- 

 derable advantage. Where the sides and bottom 

 are of a sandy, gravelly, or stony nature, or 

 abound in loose soil, and there is not a constant 

 supplying stream, they must be well secured by 

 the application of a thick coat of well -wrought 

 clay. And where this claying is necessary, in 

 the preparatory excavation, a proper allowance 

 should be made for the additional coat of clav, 

 to the extent of twelve or fifteen inches in thick- 

 ness, and of several inches of gravel over it, to ■ 

 preserve the clay from being wasted by the mo- 

 tion of the Waaler, and keep it clear, which 

 would otherwise be muddy. But previous to the 

 claying, the loose and uneven parts in the bot- 

 tom and sides of the cavity should be well 

 rammed, to make the whole firm, even, and 

 smooth ; then beginning in the middle space 

 with the clay, and proceeding gradually outward, 

 being careful that no stones, sticks, or other 

 matter, get mixed with it, to occasion fissures 

 or cracks, by which the water may escape, 

 la}'ing it evenly, a small thickness at a time, 

 and spreading it regularly, treading it well viith 

 the naked feet; and if dry weather castino- water 

 on it occasionally, ranimingil well fi'om time to 

 time with wooden rammers; then gradually ap- 

 plying more clay, in the same manner, to the 

 proper thickncis, being careful that eveiT part 

 is so well puddled and rammed, as not to leave 

 the smallest vacancy. Thus continuing the 

 claying in a regular manner each way from bot- 

 tom to the top of the circumference, smoothing 

 the surface evenly, and in dry weather covering 

 it, as the work proceeds, with mats or straw 

 litter, or witli the stratum of pebbly gravel. 

 When the whole is finished, the water should 

 be let in. 



When this has been done, the top or verge 

 must be regulated and levelled, forming it evenly 

 from the l(.\^^c of the waler in a oradual regu- 

 lar expansion to some extent outward, without 

 any stiff" slope close to the water, distinct from 

 the surrounding superficies; laying the around 

 with grass turf, especially along the margin, 

 continuing it as far down as the general level of 

 the water. Where the extent is considerable, it 

 mav be sown with urass seeds. 



WATER CRE:sS. See Sisymbrium. 



WATER LII.Y. See Nvmph.ea. 



WATER MELON. See Cucurbita Ci- 



TRULLUS. 



3 Y 



