Biologische Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen auf den Fiji-Inseln und auf Hawaii g^ 



80% geschätzt. Es war jedoch offenbar, daß dieser hohe Prozentsatz der vernichteten Indi- 

 viduen von PI. parvulus ohne Bedeutung war, so lange er nicht den Prozentsatz der ver- 

 nichteten Individuen von Pr. reichet überstieg; selbst wenn er 80% war, aber noch niedriger 

 als der Prozentsatz von Pr. reichet, mußte die Milbe sogar noch als nützlich angesehen werden. 

 Die eingehenden Untersuchungen über diese Frage ergaben denn auch, daß durch P. ventri- 

 cosus sowohl der Schädling als auch der Parasit außerordentlich an Zahl verringert wurden, 

 daß aber in dem Restbestand die Zahl des Parasiten, ausgedrückt als Proportion zur Zahl 

 des Schädlings, noch um ein weniges höher war, als wenn P. ventricosus nicht aufgetreten 

 wäre. 



Die größten Erfolge der biologischen Bekämpfungsmethode wurden auf 

 Hawaii 1 ) erzielt. Die Schadinsekten der Kulturpflanzen Hawaiis sind fast aus- 



*) Back, E. A., and Pemberton, C. E., Life History of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly 

 from the Standpoint of Parasite Introduction. Journ. Agric. Res. 3, 1915, 363 — 374; Para- 

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1915. Journ. Econ. Entom. 9, 1916, 306 — 311 ; The Melon Fly in Hawaii. U. S. Dept. Agric, 

 Bull. 491, Professional Paper, 1917; The Mediterranean Fruit-Fly in Hawaii. U. S. Dept. 

 Agric, Bull. 536, Professional Paper, 1918; Fullaway, D. T., Report of the Entomologist 

 covering the Period from January 1, 1929, to December 31, 1929. Hawaii. For. Agric. 27, 

 1930, 45 — 50; Division of Entomology. Ebd. 30, 1933, 55—59; Illingworth, J. F., Pre- 

 liminary Notes of Pests of Agricultural Crops of Kona, March 15, 1928. Proc. Hawaii. 

 Entom. Soc 12, 1929, 248 — 254; Imms, A. D., The Biological Control of Insect Pests and 

 Injurious Plants in the Hawaiian Islands. Ann. Appl. Biol. 13, 1926, 402 — 423; Recent Ad- 

 vances in Entomology, 1937; Kirkaldy, G. W., Leaf-Hoppers and their Natural Enemies. 

 (Part IX. Leaf-Hoppers — Hemiptera.) Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc, Div. Entom., Bull. 1, 

 Part 9, 1906; Mor statt, Die Erfolge der biologischen Bekämpfung in Hawaii. Anz. 

 f. Sehädlingsk. 3, 1927, 46 — 47; Muir, F., Notes on some Fijian Insects. Exper. Stat. 

 Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc, Div. Entom., Bull. 2, 1906; Report on Investigations in 

 South China. Exper. Stat. Hawaii, Sugar Plants Ass., Div. Entom., Circ. 1, 1907, 1 — Hl 

 Notes on the Sugar-Cane Hoppers and Borers in the Malay States and Java. Ebd. Circ. 2, 

 1907, 1—13; Entomological Work in Borneo. Ebd. Circ. 4, 1908, 1 — 12; Report on the 

 Search for the Sugar Cane Borer in the Malay Archipelago. Ebd. Circ. 6, 1908, 1 — 9; Report 

 on Travels in Borneo in Search of Cane Borer Parasites. Hawaii. Plant. Monthly 27, 1908, 

 50 — 57; Report on the Sugar Cane Borer in the Moluccas. Ebd. 28, 1909, 363 — 371 ; Con- 

 cluding Report on Travels in the Malay Archipelago in Search of Parasites for the Cane 

 Borer. Hawaii. Plant. Record 1, 1909, 256 — 261; Report on Second Trip to British New 

 Guinea to Obtain a Tachinid Fly parasitic on the Sugar Cane Beetle Borer. Ebd. 3, 1910, 

 186 — 200; The Introduction of Scolia manilae Ashm. into the Hawaiian Islands. Ann. Entom. 

 Soc. America 10, 1917, 207 — 210; The Progress of Scolia manilae Ashm. in Hawaii. Ebd. 12, 

 1919, 171; Report of Entomological Work in Australia, 1919 — 1920. Hawaii. Plant. Record 

 23, 1920, 125—130; The Sugar Cane Leaf hopper and its Parasites in Hawaii. Ebd. 25, 1921, 

 108 — 123; Muir, F., and Swezey, O. H., The Cane Borer Beetle in Hawaii. Exper. Stat. 

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 of the Cane Borer, Rh. obscura and its Parasite, C. sphenophori at Paauhau Sugar Plantation 

 Company. Hawaii. Plant. Record 29, 1925, 174 — 185; Notes on the Biology of Telenomus 

 nawai Ashm., an important Parasite of the Army Worm Spodoptera mauritia (Boisd). 

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 (Scelionidae) of the Cane Grasshopper Oxya chinensis (Thun.) with Life History Notes. Proc 

 Hawaii. Entom. Soc. 8, 1933, 253 — 264; Introduction to Hawaii and Habits of Egg Parasite 

 of Chinese Grasshopper. Hawaii. Plant. Record 37, 1933, 7 — 9; Entomology. Ann. Rpt. 

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 19 — 26; Pemberton, C. E., and Willard, H. F., Fruit-Fly Parasitism in Hawaii during 



1916. Journ. Agric. Res. 12, 1918, 103 — 108; Interrelations of Fruit-Fly Parasites in Hawaii. 

 Ebd. 12, 1918, 285 — 295; Work and Parasitism of the Mediterranean Fruit-Fly in Hawaii 

 during 1917. Ebd. 14, 1918, 605 — 610; A Contribution to the Biology of Fruit-Fly Parasites 



6* 



