COAL. 153 



Further north, the whole of the town of Scipio 

 is underlaid with clay slate, which is invariably 

 found in digging for wells at the depth of 15 or 

 20 feet. Tisis substance forms tlie roof of coal 

 mines. 



The formation of the Onondaga country is 

 very singular. High hills — profound vallies like 

 the arms of lakes. Onondaga Hollow is a beau- 

 tiful valley surrounded by elevated hills which af- 

 ford a most picturesque view. At the foot of these 

 hills, and in the glens created by the streams pas- 

 sing into the valley, search may be successfully 

 made for coal, and it may sometimes appear in 

 out-bursts. 



There is a blackish shale at Jamesviile, west of 

 Manlius square, and on the hills east of tlie latter 

 place, and between it and Chitteningo there are 

 strong indices of coal, and particularly on a hill 

 between Cazenovia and Manlius, where there is 

 much shivery slate. 



The whole of this interesting region is full of 

 gypsum, and wherever there is gypsum, there are 

 salt and coal. In Manlius, gypsum is ahvays 

 found at least at the depth of 15 feet. In digging 

 a well 72 ieet, gj-psnm was discovered 15 feet 

 from the surface, 46 feet in thickness. 



The shores of lakes and the falls of streams, 

 frequently exhibit the evidences of coal brcuj^. t 



