60 £SSAVS IN PHILOSOPHY 



interpreters theism is identified with belief in artifi- 

 cial theories of the quomodo of atonement, or, as such 

 writers are fond of calling it, "the plan of salvation," 

 — theories which in some way or other rest on the 

 merely legal conception of ethics, involving the quid 

 pro quo of a substitutive responsibility. 



Into the place of the all-pervading providence and 

 all-transforming grace that makes eternally for right- 

 eousness, are set hypothetical schemes of expiation 

 by sacrifice, of appeasal by the suffering of the inno- 

 cent, of ransom by blood, of federal covenant and 

 imputation, of salvation by faith alone. Theories of 

 the divine nature and administration which omit 

 these details, or refuse to take them literally, are 

 stamped as deism or as pantheism, even though the 

 omission or refusal be dictated by a perception that 

 the rejected schemes are incompatible with the fun- 

 damental principles of morals, and therefore with any 

 divine revelation and government at all. Thus, by 

 mere confusion of thought, or by inability to rise 

 above conceptions couched in terms of space and 



best to leave the statement standing as originally written and printed, 

 and to guard the reader by a warning not to take the word " imma- 

 nence " literally. Most theories of the divine immanence are unques- 

 tionably pantheistic, and all that is meant in the text above is to indicate 

 there may be a way of conceiving immanence which would not be so. 

 But of this further, when we reach the point of settling the distinction 

 between genuine theism and pantheism. See the foot-note on p. 74, 

 below, and the text corresponding. Cf. also pp. 61, 69, and 72. 



