LATER GERMAN PHILOSOPHY 103 



Each of these three main currents has had a lead- 

 ing representative. There are thus three men who 

 command our attention, as in their several ways 

 typical of the dominant intellectual interests of their 

 time, — Eduard von Hartmann, Eugen Diihring, and 

 Friedrich Albert Lange. The first stands for such 

 idealism as is now in vogue, derived in a long line of 

 degeneration from Hegel, through such "left-wing" 

 adherents as Strauss and Arnold Ruge, Bruno Bauer 

 and Feuerbach, and from Kant through the distorting 

 medium of Schopenhauer. The second represents 

 materialism, with the singular trait of blending with 

 the legitimate line of its empirical defences certain 

 remarkable elements of a transcendental logic. The 

 third illustrates agnosticism, with the additional and 

 peculiar interest of being the Neo-Kantian /(^r t'.tr^/- 

 lence} 



Hartmann was born in Berlin, in 1842, the son of 

 a general in the Prussian army, in which he held a 

 commission himself till disease that left him a perma- 

 nent cripple turned him aside into the career of let- 

 ters. Diihring, also born in Berlin, in 1833, began 

 his career in the Prussian department of justice, but 



1 Prominent among the Neo-Kantians, after Lange, are Professors 

 Cohen of Marburg, Bona Meyer of Bonn, Benno Erdmann of Kiel, and 

 Dr. Hans Vaihinger of Strassburg. [Since the foregoing was written 

 (1882), Dr. Vaihinger has become professor at Halle, and widely known 

 as the author of the learned and acute Kant-Koinmentar and the editor 

 of ICajilstHiiien.'] 



