ID4 ESSAYS IN PHILOSOPHY 



was erelong compelled to abandon this, through loss 

 of his sight. In spite of his blindness, however, he 

 has kept up the most copious production and publi- 

 cation. ^ In contrast to Hartmann, who leads the 

 quiet life of a man of letters well-to-do, he has tasted 

 no little of the bitterness of the human lot. For many 

 years he won much reputation as 2l privat-docent at the 

 University of Berlin; but in 1877 he was dismissed 

 from this office on account of his persistent and gall- 

 ing attacks on some of the scientific and philosophical 

 performances of certain of his colleagues, particularly 

 Helmholtz, and since then he has remained in the 

 comparative quiet of private life. Lange, born near 

 Solingen, in 1828, made his university course chiefly 

 at Bonn, where his principal interest seemed to be in 

 philology and pedagogics. He then passed some years 

 in practical life, partly as bookseller, partly as secre- 

 tary of the Duisburg chamber of commerce. Later, 

 he was made professor of philosophy at Zurich, where, 

 in his case too, disease left its lasting marks in the 

 effects of a surgical operation that nearly cost him 

 his life. In 1872, he was called from Zurich to Mar- 

 burg, but died there, in 1875, after prolonged suffer- 

 ings, in the bloom of his intellectual powers, to the 

 unceasing regret of that large body of his younger 



1 His works already comprise no less than twenty octavo volumes, 

 in the various departments of metaphysics, economics, sociology, mathe- 

 matics, and criticism. 



