HARMONY OF DETERMINISM AND FREEDOM 377 



effected by means of any sort of " soft " determinism, 

 — as, with a transfer of Professor James's stinging 

 nickname, we may call the sentimental optimism that 

 ignores the world's wickedness and misery. On the 

 contrary, the result has been reached by means of a 

 determinism whose way is the rugged and even tragic 

 path of bitter discipline, through sin and punishment 

 and remorse, through repentance and victorious good 

 works. Beyond sin and the possibility of sin, there 

 lies in the system of free spirits, as the very key to 

 their freedom, this eternal Atonement. It works by 

 the ceaseless chastisement which is freedom's school 

 for its own actualisation in the world. 



Let Professor James supplement his Judgment of 

 Regret by this Judgment of Atonement. For there 

 is no "dilemma of determinism," such as he has so 

 forcibly depicted, if the determinism in the world of 

 sense is itself a partial effect of the self-determi- 

 nation of the free beings acting in and on that world, 

 and is subject to continual transformation and cor- 

 rection by the undying source of freedom in eternity. 

 He would have us believe that determinism hangs in 

 a fatal balance between pessimism on the one hand 

 and what he rightly calls by the stigmatising name of 

 " subjectivism " on the other — the revolting theory 

 that the aim of life is, not doing good and avoiding 

 wrong, but getting the deepest knowledge of the 

 greatest sum of the most varied " experience, " of 



