1992) . Johnson and Billings (1962) referred to this vegetation 

 as the cushion plant community in Geum turf vegetation, and 

 Bamberg (1961) described two similar communities, fellfield and 

 dry Carex from the Beartooth Mountains that are probably 

 referable to this type. Similar vegetation has also been 

 described for Idaho (Moseley 1985, Caicco 1983), Wyoming (Potkin 

 and Munn 1987), Utah (Lewis 1970) and Colorado (Willard 1979, 

 Komarkova and Webber 1978) . Turf dominated by Kobresia bellardii 

 was described from the Colorado and may warrant recognition as a 

 separate community type in Montana. 



(3) Carex scirpo idea / Geum rossii c.t. 



Gentle to moderate, cool slopes with intermediate soil 

 development support vegetation dominated by Carex scirpoidea . C. 

 paysonis , Deschampsia cespitosa and Luzula spicata . Dominant 

 forbs included Geum rossii , Artemisia scopulorum , Lloydia 

 serotina and Solidaqo multiradiata . Moister sites had higher 

 coverages of EK. cespitosa , while in more xeric examples dominance 

 shifted to Carex paysonis . This community type has been 

 described for southwest Montana (Cooper and Lesica 1992) and Utah 

 (Lewis 1970). Potkin and Munn (1987) described a similar 

 community in the Wind River Range of Wyoming as the Geum 

 rossii / Deschampsia cespitosa c.t. Johnson and Billings (1962) 

 and Bamberg (1961) described a Deschampsia meadow vegetation 

 which is probably referable to moister stands of this type. 

 Additional sampling may warrant recognition of a Deschampsia 

 cespitosa / Geum rossii c.t. for Montana 



(4) Dryas octopeta la / Carex rupestris c.t. 



Moist, north-facing, gentle slopes dominated by Dryas 

 octopetala occurred in one area at the head of Quad Creek. 

 Silene acaulis , Geum rossii , Trifolium nanum, Calamagrostis 

 purpurascens and Carex rupestris were common associated species. 

 This association is found throughout Montana (Bamberg 1961, 

 Bamberg and Major 1968, Cooper and Lesica 1992) south to Colorado 

 (Komarkova and Webber 1979, Willard 1978). 



(5) Juncus drummondii / Antennaria lanata c.t. 



Late snowmelt areas on lee slopes and in shallow 

 accumulation areas develop vegetation dominated by Antennaria 

 lanata , Carex paysonis and Juncus drummondii . Other common 

 species include Deschampsia cespitosa , Carex scirpoidea , Luzula 

 spicata , Sibbaldia procumbens and Antennaria umbrinella . Stands 

 in the study area were usually dominated by either A^. lanata or 

 J. drummondii rather than a mixture of the two. The community 

 type also occurs in the Madison Range of southwest Montana 

 (Cooper and Lesica 1992). Potkin and Munn (1987) described a 

 similar community for the Wind River Range of Wyoming. 



