The suggested concentrations of App-L-Set for thinning at calyx time for 

 vigorous mature trees are: 



Ounces of App-L-Set 

 Varieties at Calyx Time per 100 gals . 



Delicious 4 



Northern Spy 4 



Vfealthy 8 



Baldwin . 8 



We v;ould expect, but have no evidence to prove, that Early Mcintosh, Duchess 

 and Yellow Transparent v^rill require from 6 to 8 ounces of App-L-Set at CaljTc time, 



— F. Y/. Southwick 



YOU cm SAVE OK SPRAY OILS BI 1949 



V/hy not use a safer, more effective oil spray and save on spraying costs at the 

 same time? It can be done -- one 1947 Red Apple Club member is doing it every year. 



On the farm of Mr, Shaun Kelley, in Riclimond, Berkshire County, orchard manager 

 Edivard Coningsby proves that savings are possible, Hov/? He does not purchase a 

 concentrated oil emulsion (v;hich usually contains at least 14)4 water and is 

 difficult to hold over from one season to the next) nor a miscible oil (which is 

 often less effective because so much material is likely to run off the tree and 

 may be expensive too) nor an ejiiulsible oil (ivhich has many advaiitages ,but , like the 

 other two, imless you are sure, may net contain the safer and more effective types 

 of oil and also may be expensive). 



Instead, for the Kelley farm orchards, a hij;,hly-paraff inic , straight oil is 

 purchased — a lOO^'b oil having specifications equal to those listed in the February 

 28 FRUIT- NOTES for the "Better equality. Higher Cost, Safer" tj-pe of paraffinic oil. 

 Let's call it a high gravity (at least 31), high unsulfonated residue (at least 90) 

 or "superior" oil. 



How much did it cost? This superior oil actually cost the grovrer less per 

 gallon than vvould a concentrated oil emulsion (with the v;ater in it), a miscible 

 oil or an emulsible oil. And, furthermore, since it is a superior oil and thus 

 more effective, the grower uses it at a lower concentration of only 2 gallons of 

 actual oil per 100, 



Still another saving is possible, Ivlr, Coningsby emulsifies this superior oil 

 in the tank of his spray-rig, Ke uses Bordeaux mixture (2 lbs, copper sulphate, 

 4 lbs, lime) as the emulsifier. And there is the point. By using a superior — 

 a safe oil — the .lil application can b-i continued into the late delayed-dormant , 

 when 2 to 3 spur leaves twe curled back from tlic- cluster bud. In many years a 

 fungicide is necessary at this timo. The jordwaux mixture not only emulsifies the 

 oil but also acts as the fungicide. It would appear to me that tiiis combination 

 might save, in some years at least, separate applications of an '.:)il in the green tip 

 or early delayed- dormant followed by a fungicide in the late delayed-dormant or 

 early p re-pink. 



Some grovrers prefer not to use copper because of the possibility of russetting 

 under some conditions. That need not prevent them from taking advantage of the 

 savings described abovo, A commercial blood albumin containing 4 ounces of actual 

 blood albumin and 12 ounces of inert clay per pound makos an excellent, thoroughly 

 tested and inexpensive emulsifier for tank-mixing oil sprays* Fermate or a similar 



