''There structures house unattended motors or diesel engines, some provision 

 should be riiade to urevent fires starting in the en;;ine or cnnipressor rooms froia 

 spreo-ding to other parts of t'lT? structure, '.'.'alls of nasonry, preferably 

 plastered with a Portland cement plaster, tor^et'ier v/ith a metal or otlier tj'T)e of 

 roof v.'hich keeps the fire confined until the fire apparatus arrives, is most 

 helpful. 



Protective devices can usually be installed easily and cheaply. If the value 

 of the machinery or otlier equipment \Yarrants, one or ;iore unden^riters-approved 

 extinguishers should be iriimediately available. Carbon dioxide and carbon tetra- 

 chloride are commonly used to extinguish firos in such places. 



Lightning protective systems are recopjiiended for isolated far.i structures 

 particularly those located on hir:h or elevated ground, Tliese protective systems 

 eventually pay for th.enselvcs in reduced rates and in reduced lossos. 



One or more hose comiGctions and sufficient h'">se to reach all portions of 

 the structure is an invaluable asset, should the fire be discovered before reaching 

 larj'^e proportions. Sprin::ler systems uay be used in rooms, \.-hethor above or belovf 

 freezing temperatures, A fog or spray may be t;sod advantageously to cool fires, 

 particularly v/hen confined to small rooms such as are found in a dwelling, 



— v.", C , Harrington 



ijc :flf :^ ->- >fc 4-" % 'K ^ ^^ 'i' "I- ^ 4^ + ^- * * ^ 



FACTORS H'rUJEITC lUG ArTMCTIV7i::Z5S 0£ FRUIT BLOSSq rS TO HCIIEYSEES 



It is a fairly common erjporionce for a fruit grov;er to note that certain trees 

 or varieties of trees are seemingly neglected by honeybees during bloom, ^ta.ong 

 the fa.ctors that detenainc the attractiveness of blossom.s to bees arn the following: 

 (1) wiiount and sugar concent rati or. of nectar, (S) aanount of pollen available, 

 (o) ai'iount of bloom, the greater the amount, the more attractive it seems; 

 (4) condition of bloom. 



The fact that bees can detect difforenccs in sugar concentration has been 

 recently provon, V.liile insufficient tests have been conducted, it is evident that 

 a variation of 20-30$^^ sugar may occur bet^vcen t\;o varieties. Even greater varia- 

 tion in sugar concentration is present between different species of plants, as for 

 exa!"!iple apples and pears. Further studies of the sugar concentrations of nectars 

 are advisable. It is possible tliat such studies might influence the planting of 

 certain varieties in order to improve pollination. 



It is evident t)iat from the standpoint of pollen, bees A-dll collect this where 

 it is most abundant. Therefore, vigorous trocs with comparatively largo ai'aounts of 

 bloom would be more attractive to bees provided that tlio development ''.f th.c blossoms 

 ivas at the same stage. 



As far as the condition of bloom is concerned, it is generally considered that 

 a tree in full bloom is more attractive thaji one either at an earlier or later 

 stage of development. There arc some exceptions to this, apparently, lir, George Rea, 

 forr.aer extension Apiculturist at Cornell, is authority for the statement that at 

 times, nectar secretion in Mcintosh is at its height about the timo of petal fall,.. 



"Hiile this discussion has presented some of the explaiiations for tlie apparent 

 profcronce of boos for certain varieties or species of fruit trees, it should not 

 bo forgotten that som.e plants in bloom at about the sa'no time as fruit rmy be more 

 attractive to the boos. If this is the case, it would seem that some action yrdght 

 be tcdren to reduce the abundance of plants if the bees prefer them to fru-it bloor.i, 



— F, R, Shaw 



