Yes, insect pests are harder to control. This is not 'altogether the result of 

 changes within the insects nor to changes in control practices. It is due in part, 

 at least, to the more critical consumer, the keen competition for markets and the 

 pride a fruit graver takes in a crop that is 95/3 free of insect and disease 

 blemishes. The fruit grower of today v/ho continually lets insects or diseases take 

 over 10f;l of his crop does not remain a successful frait gro\7er. Thus, in an 

 indirect v/ay, it is harder to control insects because of the extent to which we 

 must control them. 



Some Insects are actually harder to kill, thaii in previous years, with stan- 

 dard spray materials. Lead arsenate placed in the calyx cup at the petal-fall 

 stage year after year has led to the development of Codling Moth worms that do not 

 bothor to look for the calyx end of the apple. They just go in anywhere as "side 

 worais". It has been shovm in scientific tests that CodDing Moth strains, resistant 

 to lead arsenate, are to be found in v/ell sprayed orcliards. And noiv, we have 

 developed in the laboratory and have found in nature, strains of flies more resis- 

 tant to DDT« 



The arrival of new pests, the development of nev; habits and strains v/hich make 

 chemicals less effective, the unJcnown effects v:hich mt\y follow the use of nevi 

 chemical controls, ajid the seasonal fluctuations of insects mal-:e pest control an 

 increasingly difficult problem. Is ii surpi-ising that we must spray our orchards 

 more often and with more materials then was necessary in grandfather's day? 



— Frank R, Shaw and Ellsworth H, V/heeler 



ITEIT PROJECT KI - ^PLE TREE irjTRITIOLI 



A nev: project on apple trco nutrition has been initiated by the departments 

 of pomology, cJ.onistry and agronomy, Y.'ork on tho project is already underway. 

 This spring the differential fertilizer and mulch treatments v/ill be applied to 

 the field plots for tlio first time, 



* 



Some of the objectives of tho project are to find out v/hat effect different 

 levels of nitrogen in the tree have on its gro\,-th, yield, color and keeping quality 

 of fruit. An attempt will be made to maintain three levels of nitrogen in the tree' 

 by soil applications of a nitrogen fortilizor, hay mulch, and a complete fertilizer, 

 sucli as 7-7-7, In addition to soil t'jsts under the various treatments, leaf samples 

 vrill be collected and analyzed for nitrogen, calcium, potassium, phosol-iorus, and 

 magnesium. Chemical analysis of the foliage should onablo us to tell v/hat effect 

 different levels of nitrogen have on the intaice of mineral elements into the tree 

 in relation to their availability in the soil, V/e also hope to find out if soil 

 applications of elements other than nitrogen are ncccssai-y to iaaintain maximiuu 

 gro'.rth aaid yield. The ultimate goal of the project is to find out hov; to maintain 

 the proper level of nitrogen and other cloments in tho tree wi\ich v/ill produce a 

 maAmum crop of highly colored apples, 



— Yf, D, Y/'eeks 



Apple Barrel Reverie "-'ind nO\¥ tho jolly farmer packs his apples 



up for to-.-.'ii. This is the top ro\,- in the bar'l ^ — 0, 



and those — — o o o o o o, are furtlior do\;n," 



