-6- 



co'-.plc'-el/ prevented. In other orchards, additional infections of terminal leaves 

 c;nd apples occurred during one or more of the four wet periods in May indicated 

 above, A good many growers applied phenyl mercury sprays to eradicate leaf spots. 

 In generalj the acetate materials (Puratized Apple Spray and Tag Fungicide 331) 

 were more effective than the lactate form (Puratized Agricultural Spray). 



The apple scab situation in most orchards this year calls for a protective 

 fungicide in all of the late season cover applications to protect foliage and 

 fruit against secondary spread. Considering the amount of active scab in some 

 orchards, additional dust or spray applications of sulfur may be needed during 

 August,, if vist periods sufficiently long to allow fruit infections are encountered, 

 It has been found that wet periods of UO-it? hours are necessary during the first 

 half of August to favor infection of Mcintosh apples, and about h days for late 

 August and early September. 



— Cran C. Boyd 

 ■!!■ -K- -;:- ^;- -;;- -;?■ -x- ■«• •«■■;;-«* ■!<■ * ■«■ -;;- -st -is- -;:- 



ViTHERE DC t'»E GC FROM HERE ? - Evaluating the Newer Insecticides 



Never in the last 25 years has the pest control program been in so great 

 a confusion. New pesticides have been developed and have passed the preliminary^ 

 screening tests with flying colors. Preliminary experiments have sho^vn remarkably 

 good results. Mow they are being evaluated for local problems under local 

 conditions. They must be standardized for practical application. Some of this 

 confusion \-dll be cleared up this season but not all — science doesn't move that 

 quickly. I know that there will be some questions next year vihich we cannot 

 answer definitely. 



Let us look at some of the problems. Superior oil seejjis best for control of 

 winter red mite eggs but it is not satisfactory against rosy aphis, Dinitro 

 sprays are excellent to combat aphids but even the butyl forms, such as DN 289 and 

 Elgetol 318, were disappointing against red mite in some cases. V/ith the increase 

 of the two-spotted mite which spends the winter under bark and trash on the 

 ground so that none of the dormant sprays are effective, a new treatment must be 

 found. In experiments, Methoxychlor, Chlordane, and Parathion have given better 

 control of the plum curculio than the currently used materials and no douot the 

 recommendations v/ill be changed to m.alce use of these advantages. I.'.ethoxychlor is 

 favored. 



A new insecticide called DDD or TDE has shovm great efficiency for combatting 

 the red-banded leafroller. It is available as a wettable powder and an emulsion 

 and v/e have yet to learn which is more practical under New England conditions. 

 Will the emulsion cause excessive residue at harvest or interfere with proper 

 coloring of Mcintosh? Does it give adequate control of codling moth and apple 

 maggot when all three of these pasts are present in July? 



The most outstanding new insecticides are TEPP and Parathion. They kill 

 practically all insects which come in contact v.-ith them. Both have given out- 

 standing control of summer red mite. TEPP is an excellent aphicide and Parathion 

 controls all apple insect pests irell. Unfortunately, however, these materials 

 contain organic phosphates which are violent poisons in the concentrated form. 

 vJhen diluted ready to use there is little danger when the precautions given by th. 

 manufacturer are followed. 7/e v^ould like to avoid such materials but their 

 efficiency is so great that they cannot be ignored. 



