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Judging the Nitrogen Needs of An Apple Tree 



Some coinnon sense on this question is expressed in an article by J, ; . 

 'Seattle in Hoosier Horticulture. Quoting from his article "Fruit gro\;ers i,iust 

 learn to observe and recognize certain signs and s;}Tnptoms v;hich v;ill pcniit thei,: 

 to adjust their nitrogen fertilizer program accordingly. If apple trees r.ake ou 

 the average from 6 to 12" of shoot growth each season and if the leaves by 

 mid-July are a true green in color, it is alnoat certain that they are receiving 

 an adequate supply of nitrogen. If shoot groiivth is less than 6" and the leaves 

 become yellow-green in color, the nitrogen supply is too lor;. Excessive growth, 

 large green leaves, and the production of veiy large, poorly colored fruit indica- 

 tes the nitrogen supply is too high. By applying these principles tlie keen, 

 observing orchardist can largely solve his ovm nitrogen fertilizer problems." 



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LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR THE FRUIT GRC':VER 



Tvro kinds of insurance which vdll protect the fruit grov;er in the event of 

 accidents to his employees are briefly described in Fan.iers ' Bulletin No. 2Cl6 as 

 follows, - Employer's liability insurance protects the employer in case of a suit 

 by an employee who is injured while at work. From the standpoint of the farmer, 

 such insurance provides protection about equal to that provided by Vforfa^ien's 

 Compensation Insurance except that it does not provide for payments to the injurfd 

 employee. This employee must first prove negligence by, or the rLSponsibility of, 

 the farmer and be avrarded a judgment against the farmer in coiirt in order for the 

 insurance company to pay him under the policy. 



Vforknen's compensation insurance assures the employee that he -vdll receive 

 certain benefits or payments set up by law in case he is injured, if he agrees 

 not to sue his employer. In this sense it protects the farmer against claims or 

 court awards arising from injury to the hired help just as employer's liability 

 insurance does. Yet workmen's compensation insurance generally costs no more than 

 straight employer's liability insurance without the worker benefits. 



Sensitive Strav/berry A Kind Of Guinea Pig . Progress in combating strawberry 

 diseases has been speeded up~1by a British discovery that Fragaria vesca, the ■'..lld 

 strawberry of Europe- is extremely sensitive to the viruses that da;.i£ge comraercial 

 and garden varieties. Tried out here through preliminary U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture tests at Beltsville, I.id., several diseases show their presence in this 

 guinea-pig plant with much more conspicuous changes than occur in the vroll-knovm 

 I'arshall variety — which had been used for the purpose. It makes identification 

 quicker and surer. Vflien some forms of virus were transmitted to this wild straw- 

 berry especially by grafts, they caused extreme dwarfing, thin, short leaf stems 

 and very small leaves. A form of virus that attacks strawberries on the Pacific 

 Coast is easily identified v/hen put into this test plant as it mottles the leaves. 

 An Eastern virus causes no mottling but makes the leaf stems turn dovm. This 

 sensitive test stra.v^berry also shows a difference vfhen the Eastern vj.rus is trans- 

 mitted by the aphid vector rather than by some other means. 



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