troublesone on certain varieties. But the variety list, in general, excluaes scab 

 susceptible varieties. Another fungus, apple nildev;, is also prevalent. There is 

 little or no interest in '."cintosh and its relatives because of the extensive spray 

 progra. 1 they would require. 



There is some interest anong research 'u'crkers and teachers in d\/arf trees on 

 "allinp: stocks. Tlany of the Vi'inter Schools have such a planting. IJui.ibers 3, Ix, 

 c'jid 1 are favored. I sav/ one experinental Lalling stock orchard of 2000 trees, 

 half of which was irrigated. The differences in yield were quite striking. In 

 this orchard I sa7ir one tree ^v'hich had taken root above the graft union and the 

 resulting tree was behaving in the sarie v/ay as they do in this couiitry. 



All fruits on standard stocks, v^ith the exception of peaches, have relatively 

 long trunks. In fact, one can walk under niost fruit trees vdthout bujiiping his heed 

 on the lowest branch. This arrangement makes it possible to grow other crops in an 

 orchard without lauch interference. Among the second crops groim are hay, grain, 

 potatoes, fodder beets, vegetables, etc. In one orchard of about 15U0 trees ncai' 

 thu Rhine on a light soil, hay was being harvested for cattle even though the tre. s 

 '.'ore very much in need of a liberal r.iulch. 



High headed fruit trees arc the result of a special ..lethod used in tht. 

 r.ursrry. In one nursery visited where pluiii trees were being budded, th. oud i/as 

 inserted at a point 180 centimeters (almost six feet) from the ground. All branch, s 

 beloK; that point are subsequently removed. Incidentally, it is now possible to 

 obtcin from German nurseries very good apple trees on Yialling stocks for the 

 equivalent of 750 to |1.00. A 1950 catalog shov^ed a quotation cf 3 DL. (A 

 Deutsche Hark is vrorth about 25^). About the only familiar apple varieties 

 encountered were Ontario, Cox Orange, Gravenstein and an early apple ('.Yeisseklar) 

 very similar to Yellow Transparent. It may be that variety. 



Here and there in Ge.rmany one finds very good pears, including Bartl^tt ^.nJ 

 rlapp, both of vrhich are knoi/m by their Gernan names. 3ut ;aany of the pears are 

 snail, some very small, and are used for juice (Birnensaft) . Probably half of th^. 

 jears produced are used in this way. 



Plui.is occupy an iinportant place on Geman tables, and having saiiipled t)ieir 

 plijir: cake several times, I can understand why. It is very edible, to state th. 

 case mildly. But plums are also used in making Sclmaps, a jiotent beverafe takt u 

 in small amounts on special occasions. Chori-ies, cultivated and wild, also find 

 their way into this concoction. 



In one section of Rliineland-Pfalz, apricots are ptovvTi quite extensively. I 

 ./as fortunate enough to visit this area irtien they were in their prime. NeedL.ss 

 to say the samples were enjoyed, Mariaalade is commonly served in Germany and r..an, 

 )f the apricots are used in making this proiluct. In the Bad Duerkheim area, 

 peaches are of some ii.iportance, and a peach experiraent station is testing more th;.r. 

 100 varieties including South Haven, Elberta, Champion, etc. At three fan.is I 

 had an opportunity to compare the quality of several varieties. 



Of the remaining tree fruits, quinces are no mort' coiruuon than in ilassachuft tt.-, , 

 and one of the varieties is shaped like a pear. iVhere this quince was obs. a-v^'d, 

 the CTivncr had a small stationary spray outfit, the only one which caE^e to my 

 attention. 



Cherries are <^1 some ir.iportancc in the Kaiserstahl area vifhen; the tL.iiptrnt'ir. 

 av';rages several degrees higher than in other parts of vVestern Gen.iany rnd the sr , 1 

 tests above the neutral point because of its litaestone origin. I was told that ;■. 



