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 FACTS ABOUT LATE SEASON SCAB km ITS CONTROL 



From artificicial inoculation studies in New York State, it was found that 

 continuous wet periods of 28 hours follov;ing inoculations did not cause scab 

 infection to the fruits in late June, July or to mid-August, 



In early August, vret pericds of at least iiO to h^ hours are needed for scab 

 infection. 



In late August and early September, the fruit must remain wet for 3 or U days 

 for infection, 



So-o-oi After a vret period of 30 to 35 hours, which looks like it will 

 continue to stay wet, in July and up to mid-August, fruit can be protected by 

 using sulfur dust or wettable sulfur spray. In late August and early September 

 scab can be headed off by applying the fungicide after a 2 or 3 day wet period. 



Spray residues of wettable sulfurs or sulfur plus Fermate outlast Fermate 

 alone for leaf protection and probably also for fruit protection. 



C, J, Gilgut, Extension Plant Pathologist 



GRADING APPLES DJ THE OR CHARD 



Orchard grading of apples is an old practice. Forty years ago much of the 

 commercial crop was handled on portable sorting tables, V/ith the development of 

 power driven graders the operation was transferred to stationary packing houses. 

 This system, vdth all of its advantages, involves more handling and seemingly 

 unavoidable mechanical injury, 



A study of orchard grading was undertaken in llichigan three years ago to 

 obtain ansvrers to the following questions: (l) V\fill the use of a mobile orchard 

 grader reduce the amount of bruising which would otherwise occur during handling 

 and grading operations? (2) Vfill the use of such machines enable growers to handle 

 their fruit more rapidly and economically? (3) Will the use of mobile graders 

 increase net returns? 



The mobile orchard grader used in the trials consisted of a feed belt, 

 eliminator section, sorting belt and filling station. The moving parts were driven 

 by a 1-HP engine and the entire assembly was mounted on 3- by ii-inch skids. The 

 unit was Ih feet long and weighed about ii^O pounds. The outfit was tested during 

 the 19U9 and 1950 seasons to field-grade 78?2 bushels of apples. Mcintosh, 

 Delicious, Jonathan and Spy were included. After the 19^9 season it vras moved to 

 the central packing house and used as a stationary unit in grading an additional 

 UlOO bushels. At the end of the 1950 season it was used in the same vrav in grading 

 an additional 3800 bushels. 



To operate the orchard grader, the crew consists of a sorter, a filler, a 

 crate linpr, and a stacker. This crew was able to sort from 56 to 6l bushels per 

 hour. One foreman supervised both the picking and grading crews and also inspected 

 the apples as they flowed over the receiving belt. Six or 7 good pickers were 

 needed to keep the grading crevf supplied. 



The grading unit cost approximately sp500 and should be good for 100,000 ' 

 bushels before replacement. This means a per bushel cost of ,5j! for depreciation. 



