-7- 



To overcome the labor problem many of the operations have been mechanized. 

 During the tour we saw several mechanical raspberry pickers, pickup machines used 

 to harvest nuts, and many other labor saving devices 4 



The group also learned of the work done by the V/feishington Apple Commission 

 and the Washington State Fruit Commission in impro>iiftg the handling and marketing 

 of the fruit grown in that state. 



In Washington, we were made avrare of a shift from the standard apple box to 

 the tray type carton. The carton is less expensive and handles the fruit better 

 according to the authorities in that state, 



I believe that the program was beneficial to all who participated, I am 

 certain that the visitors went home with a much truer picture of conditions in the 

 United States and that we have made many friends as a result of this program. 



— J, F. Anderson 



TOBY'S TRAVELS II 



Our next stop v;as at Liichigan State College. The first person I met vias 

 ./illiam F, Robertson, who for many years vras Professor Chenoweth's assistant in 

 Horticultural Manufacturing at I'.Iass, Aggie, Professor Robertson is now Head of 

 Department of Food Technology at Michigan State, He has found that bruising of 

 sour cherry fruit is a serious detriment to quality of the canned product. 



Talks vfith members of the Horticultural Staff revealed that parathion is used 

 to clean up neglected cherry orchards infested vath cherry maggot since it kills 

 the maggots on the inside as well as the flies on the outside of the fruit. 



In Ivlichigan, as in other areas, small orchards are going out and are being 

 replaced by fewer orchards with larger acreage. Total fruit production is being 

 maintained vdth the smaller number of orchards. 



At Fennville, Michigan, we called on Mr, Stanley Wade, a fruit grower, and also 

 visited the large fruit packing plant of the Fennville Fruit Growers Exchange. The 

 visit with Mr, Vfade was aost interesting for here was a fruit grower with around 

 100 acres of fruit who dldn-t have an apple tree in his orchard. He grows nothing 

 but tree fruits other than apples including peaches, pears, plums, and sour cherries. 

 Most of his fruit is sold thru the Fruit Grov^rers Exchange but some of it goes to 

 the Benton Harbor Market, ''/hen asked why he grew these other fruits in preference 

 to apples, he replied, "Less work and more money," Possibly he could have added, 

 "less v;orry" for on September l6th he had just completed harvesting, and his fruit 

 was all sold. 



From Fennville we traveled to Muskegon, then across Lake Michigan and on to 

 the University of Wisconsin at iiadison. Dr. R, H.- 'Roberts has recently developed a 

 method which appears to have broken the biennial habit of such varieties as Wealthy, 

 Delicious, and Golden Delicious, This method involves considerable detailed pruning 

 and is in marked contrast to the so-called "thin wood" method of pruning commonly 

 used in Massachusetts, 



At the University of Illinois, I saw the original Crandall tree. This is a 

 relatively new scab resistant variety, a cross betvreen Rome and Jonathan, As grown 

 in Illinois, the fruit is large, firm, attractive, and has a long storage life. 

 Particular emphasis is being placed on the breeding of scab resistant varieties. 



