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other countries. But the maggot flies emerge from the ground in early June and 

 vfithin a short time infested cherries are of common occurrence A sample of iine 

 looking sweet cherries, which I purchased In late Jure at a farmers' market near 

 the Italian border, were quite disappointing. Control of this insect is difficult 

 because the orchards are invariably double cropped, and a complete spray program wouM 

 be quite impossible. 



The variety question is also important in the plum growing areas, particularly 

 in Serbia, The most common variety, Pozegaca, is of local origin. This is a prune- 

 type plijim, trees of which have been planted by the millions. But many of these trees 

 are infected by a virus disease, known as "sarka". The fruit from such trees is 

 quite worthless. It is said that pigs will even refuse to eat it, A program of 

 eradication has been started and an attempt is being made to locate all of the in- 

 fected trees. This brings up the question of a replacement, the present variety being 

 very susceptible to the disease, A careful study must be made of other varieties, 

 some of #iich may prove to be less susceptible if not quite immune to the disease. 

 Thus an old established industry which has gro^vn up around a single variety must be 

 reorganized on the basis of variety , adaptability and susceptibility. 



The importance of peach and apricot varieties should also be mentioned. 

 Peaches are limited to a few varieties which have been found reasonably successful. 

 Some are of Italian, others of Geniian origin. But there is reason to believe that 

 some, if not many, of our good American varieties would be well adapted to their soil 

 and climate. Test plantings have been established since World V.'ar I, In one of 

 these plantings, 70 American varieties are being grown for purposes of comparison, 

 A test will also be made of two Ainerican apricots. Several varieties of Hungarian 

 origin are now being gro\m. 



From the foregoing illustrations it is quite apparent that the development 

 of the fruit industry in a backv/ard country, such as Yugoslavia, involves a careful 

 study and comparison of different varieties, A recently introduced variety may 

 ultimately prove to be better than the old. But because a variety is new,, it is not 

 necessarily better. Only time will tell vfhether the nevir should replace the old. 

 As a writer (Pope) said many years ago, - "Be not the first by Yfhom the new is tried, 

 nor yet the last to lay the old aside," 



■'-H5-W,H.Thies 



* 



50 Years of Extension Work , Fifty years ago Seaman A, Knapp establish- 

 ed the first formal farm demonstration in Texas, This marked the be- 

 ginning irf the demonstration method of teaching better farm practices, • 

 Similar demonstrations soon appeared in other parts of the country. 

 Later, home demonstration work was siarted with rural homeraakers and 

 U-H Club work with boys and girls, Tlie founder of the Extension Program 

 stressed the idea of having farmers try out the better practices on 

 their own farms. In this way what farmers might consider mere "book 

 farmiag" becomes real "dirt f aiming" in acttial practice , Dr. Knapp 

 said, "What a man hears, he may doubt, Vi[hat a man sees, he could doubt. 

 What a man does, he cannot doubt". 



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