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Note On J^allinfi Stocks, Reporting on the behavior 

 of three apple varieties, Cortland, iiclntosh and 

 Delicious on 8 Hailing rootstocks over a 10-»year 

 period, Karl D, Erase of the Geneva, N,Y, Station 

 calls attention to sone interesting differences, 

 Cortland came into bearing earliest^ producing 

 more fruit on each of the stocks the Uth year af- 

 ter planting. Of the semi-dwarf stocks tested, 

 VII showed most dwarfing, follovred in order by V, 

 IV and II, Iftmbers I and XIII resulted in trees 

 of jnediviin size while XII and XVI showed no grcrvvth 

 restricting influence, 



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liiEGFANICAL TRAIL EUILDER -IT'S FAST AUD EFFECTI^/E 



The hechanical Trail Builder, designed to construct artificial mouse trails 

 in which poisoned baits are placed, has produced excellent results in controlling 

 both Pine ]:ice and lieadow ilice. To date, 100/^ control of .Meadow iiice ard. between 

 92-91% control of Pine l;ice has been obtained hy the use of this machine by the field- 

 men of the Branch of Predator and Rodent Control of the U« S, Fish and V/ildlife Ser- 

 vice* 



Growers in liassachusetts poisoned approximately 2000 acres of orchards vd.th 

 this machine* Visits have been made in some of these orchards to check for active 

 mouse signs. Very few signs were noted after the snow had irelted« In conferring 

 vd-th the various grovfers that had used the iiachine, it was found that between 2 and 

 3 acres of orchard vrere treated in an hour's time. The help was ;fell pleased >ath 

 the speed Bssd e&ue of this method of poisoning, 



A fevf minor mechanical changes have been made in the original construction 

 of the machine to increase the efficiency of operation* 



—.C»E, Faulkner, liamnal Control Superv, 

 U,S«Fish k i/Yildlife Service, U, of i;as8» 



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STORAGE SCALD - A TOUGH PROBLEM TO SOLVE 



Apple scald is more or less of an annual problem on certain varieties, 

 Cortland is one of our most serious offenders and is generally d ispcsed of before 

 January to avoid serious losses from this storage disorder. Actually, Cortland might 

 be kept a bit longer than Hclntosh on the basis of firmness and eating quality if it 

 \Yere not for its great susceptibility to scald. Growers who have been increasing 

 their production of Rome are finding that this variety is s one what susceptible to 

 this disorder, also. 



Present control measures such as oiled paper or air purification v/ith acti- 

 vated carbon are not entirely satisfactory, Apple scald is supposedly caused by 

 certain volatile gases liberated by apples ard at one time vre had high hopee that 

 activated coconut shell carbon, a very efficient absorbent of many apple gases, would 

 be the ansvrer to this problem. Tests over a period of 7 or 8 years indicate that 



