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flies around your stand or cider p:ess» I am sure not too many of your customers 

 \7ill accuse you of handling artificial grspes just because they don't see hundreds 

 or thousands of little flies hovering around the baskets* 



Yov^^Yill note that we have not recommended any of the many fly traps now on 

 the market. If you keep your place reasonably clean, it will not be attractive to 

 the kind of flies those gadgets catch unless you put up one of the gadgets. Very 

 few houseflies and no self-respecting Drosophila wouH be attracted to them, 



—E, H.Wheeler 



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App!Ie Leaves, Now and Then - Anyone itith a good memory end old enough 

 to recall the iiays when we depended upon lime sulfur for scab control, 

 has a treat in store as he comparesthe foliage in today's \rell spray- 

 ed orchard with that of the early Twenties, But \m don't have to go 

 back that far to note the effects of caustic spray materia]s » Even 

 the milder sulfurs, plus lead arsenate, have raised havoc with apple 

 leaves in years paste So long as sulfur was about the only fungicide 

 in conmon use, the foliage in most orchards was belovr par, and es- 

 pecially so in orchards of low vigor. Today, yrith several very ef- 

 ficient organic fungicides available and v/ith less lead arsenate used 

 than previously, apple leaves, on the average, look unusually well» 

 The writer sees improvement over the conditions of two years ago* 

 Leaves, in general, are large, of a healthy shade of green, vdth no 

 evidence of spray burn and apparently much more efficient in the 

 manufacture of starch than ^TOre the leaves in years past. We can 

 thank our nevrer spray materials and o\ir improved equipment for m.'ocli 

 of the present promising appearance of the leaves in v/ell-sprayed 

 orchards in Massachusetts* 



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Relation of Tree Removal to Nitrogen De ficiency - Contrary to v^iat one vrould expect, 

 it is a matter of' common e'xperience' that the' remaining apple trees in an orchard where 

 every other diagonal royi has been removed, are inclined to look more yelloidsh than 

 they did before trees vrere renovede At first thought one might say that the remaining 

 trees vrould make better grovrth and their leaves would appear a darker rreen because 

 the nitrogen in the soil is now apportioned among fev:er trees. But the reverse is 

 actually true. For some time after the top and branches of a tree are removed the 

 roots of this non-existent tree, in the process of decay, require a liberal supply of 

 nitrogen, Yfood rotting funci and other low forms of plant life must obtain nitrogen, 

 one of the constituents of plant . protein, and they find it in the soil inmediately 

 surrounding the decaying roots© Thus dead roots become ccmpetitixrs of the living 

 roots in the vicinity, and unless there is enough nitrogen in the soil to supply the 

 needs of both, the living tree will suffer. It pays to be liberal \Tith nitrogenous 

 fertilizer in the spring immediately following tree removal. If enough is applied 

 over the entire orchard floor to encourage rapid decay of the roots and at the same 

 time provide for the requirements of the living tree, the latter vdll take on a ne;7 

 lease on life and iTill shov; the expected response to a better light exposure and a 

 larger volume of soil into ifhich to develop its root system, 



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