lime spreading trucks are usually hopper-shaped with an endless or screw- 

 type conveyor located in the bottom, Tliis conveyor moves the lime back to the 

 spreading mechanism mounted on the rear of the truck. These mechanisms are of 

 two main types: the fan or spinner type, and the transverse-conveyor type. For 

 liming orchards the former type of spreading mechanism is preferred. In this 

 type of spreading m.echanism, the conveyor in the hopper delivers the limestone 

 onto tvfo rapidly rotating circular fans or spinners vrith radiating vanes that 

 throyr the lime out<> Some lime trucks have a metal plate under the two spinners 

 vihich enables the throwing of a larger proportion of the lime under the trees 

 vifhere it is needed most. 



Some fruit growers still do their own spreading using a lime sov/er, fertilizer 

 distributor or other types of distributors. Whatever type is used the emphasis 

 should be placed on getting the largest proportion of the lime under the trees 

 v/here the need is greatest, 



— ^V/. J, Lord 



//////////////// 



WATER CORE OF APPLES 



It has been noted by growers this year that Delicious apples and strains 

 of this variety were suffering from a considerable amount of water core at harvest 

 time. This disorder always develops while the fruit is on the trees and has 

 generally been considered to be most serious on various apple varieties as the 

 fruit approaches maturity or definitely becomes overripe. Most authorities have 

 indicated and data have shown that this disorder is most prevalent in areas or 

 seasons of intense svmlight and high temperature. The fact that water core is 

 prevalent on our Delicious this year seems surprising in view of this general 

 concept that high light and high temperature are primary causal factors since 

 we've just experienced a cool gra\'dng season and the fruit vjas not overripe from 

 the standpoint of flesh firmness, 



Hovrever, H, A, Schemer working for the U,S,D,A, at Wenatchee, Washington, 

 has noted recently that temperatures near 30°F. during the har-vest season may 

 help to induce the development of water core, also, This cool harvest season 

 effect and later than average harvesting of the variety may be important reasons 

 for the presence of water core in some of our Delicious this year. 



Water core is, also, most apt to occur in apples that are grovm on trees that 

 are carrying less than a full cropo Large apples are more susceptible to water 

 core than small ones. Certainly, many of our Delicious trees were not carrying 

 a large crop and the average fruit size was greater than usual this year. 



The question of what can be done about water core and how the fruit should 

 be handled is of some concern to many growers. Studies on water core indicate 

 that if the disorder is not too severe it may largely disappear in storage. 

 Generally the rate of disappearance is faster at field temperatures than at 32°F, 

 However, Delicious held at v;ana temperature ivill r ipen and soften faster than 



