2. That more mechanical injury occurred before grading with growers who use 

 grading machines than with those who hand grade. 



3. That excessive bruising is not necessarily the fault of the grading machine 

 but rather how it is used. 



4. That in ten out of fifteen cases there was a higher percentage of bruised 

 apples in cell cartons after packing than in a similar lot of apples before 

 packing. This may be due to packers trying to force apples that are too 

 large into the cells. 



5. That bruising in polyethylene bags was slightly less than in cartons. 



6. That bruising in the crate was considerably more than in the other two 

 types of packages . 



7. That the bruising in the crate occurs chiefly in the lidding process. 



8. That there was no appreciable increase in cuts and punctures with apples 

 packed in cartons compared with those in a similar lot before packing. 



9. That there was a greater increase in cuts and punctures than bruises in 

 polyethylene bags. 



10. That there were more cuts and punctures in crates than with the other 



two types of packages but less increase in cuts and punctures than in bruises, 

 when lidding. 



What does this all mean in dollars and cents? 



Assuming that each grower included in this study had a 10,000 bushel crop 

 and that Fancy Mcintosh were selling for $3.75 per bushel and utility at $2.00 

 (the rices quoted on the Boston Market Dec. 11, 1956), the average loss from 

 bruising alone on apples as they came from storage would amount to approximately 

 $3,000.00. The least loss would have been $350. and the greatest $9,500. There 

 is some indication from this study that much of this loss occurs in the harvesting 

 procedure 



How much are you losing from inadequate supervision and inspection when the 

 apples are being harvested? 



