at least 90 days at an oxygen level of not more than 5 percent. It seems de- 

 sirable that all C, A. operators keep an accurate daily log. The following form 

 although not approved by the New York State Commissioner of Agriculture would 

 contain the essential information, 



C. A. Storage Record 



Room No . 



Date 



Time 



Temp. 



Percent 



CO' 



CO2 / O2 



02 



C02 Scrubbing 



Minutes 



Caustic soda 

 Added lbs. 



Air Added 



(Minutes) 



I 



I 



I 



I 



-f- 



Since keeping a daily log on each C. A. Room is standard procedure this 

 requirement can be readily met. 



This New York law, also, means that C. A. apples cannot legally come on 

 the market in New York State until about mid- January even though held at 5 per- 

 cent oxygen or less before the 90 days are up. Most C. A. rooms are not down 

 to 3 to 5 percent O2 much before the middle of October. 



F. W. Southwick 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



PLANT BUG INJURY TO APPLES IN 1957 



More than the usual amount of injury to apples typical of Tarnished Plant 

 Bug is showing up this year in orchards all over Massachusetts. Fortunately 

 the injury does not often seriously affect the marketability of the fruit 

 but growers and others are puzzled to know why it is there and why their 

 spray program failed to control it. 



This injury was studied quite extensively in 1938 by Dr. 0. H. Hammer 

 then of the Hudson Valley Laboratory of the New York State Agricultural 

 Experiment Station. He describes feeding punctures as small superficial 

 dimples and egg laying scars as much deeper depressions with some russet- 

 ting and sometimes considerable distortion of the fruit. The injury usually 

 appears at the calyx end but may be elsewhere if the main plant bug activity 

 occurred after petal fall. 



Injury of this type is correlated with certain weather conditions prior 

 to or during bloom. Plant bugs lay eggs and feed in the succulent tissues of 

 a large number of crop plants and weeds. New terminal growth, buds, and 

 developing fruit of many trees and shrubs are attacked likewise. Often plant 

 bugs become very numerous in the Fall and search out sheltered places in or 

 near orchards in which to hibernate. Whenever a series of unseasonably warm 

 days precedes or occurs during bloom the overwintering bugs are stimulated 

 to move out of hiding. The new growth and tender, developing fruits on apple, 

 pear, and peach trees furnish excellent tissues for feeding and egg laying. 



We had such conditions in 1957 . April was warmer than normal and the 

 maximum temperature reached 75° or above on 7 of the final 10 days. Again, 

 during the period just before and during apple bloom, maximvmi temperatures 

 reached 80° or above on 4 successive days. These were ideal conditions for 

 plant bug emergence and activity. 



