-2- 



this operation was more serious than that caused by any of the other operations 

 studied by Gaston and Levin, 



The careful dumping into field crates consisted of placing the full picking 

 container on the bottom of the field box or onto fruit that was in it before the 

 canvas was released. The picking bucket was then lifted slowly and gently so that 

 the apples rolled slowly into the field crate. 



GROWERS AND FOREMEN'. 



The importance of careful filling of field crates cannot be over emphasized 

 and this operation should be carefully supervised if bruising is to be held 

 at a minimum I 



Dumping Onto Receiving Belt 



It can be seen in Table I that careless dumping onto the receiving belt 

 resulted in 86 bruises, 1/2 inch in diameter, per 100 Mcintosh apples as compared 

 to 19 when the job was done carefully. Gaston and Levin noted that when field 

 crates were dumped by hand they were usually held in such a way that the fruit 

 fell onto the receiving belt from a height of several inches. This method of 

 dumping resulted in the extensive bruising shown in Table I. The bruising that 

 occurred during the operation was one of the easiest and least costly to minimize. 

 Some Massachusetts growers are using hand-operated mechanical apple box dumpers. 

 Others use a pad which is placed over the top of the apple box when the box is 

 tipped. After tipping the box, the grower gradually raises the pad to allow the 

 apples to roll gently onto the receiving belt of the feed table on the grader. 

 Another inexpensive dumping aid is a canvas bag. The worker dumping the apples 

 places a canvas bag, one end of which is tacked to the grader, over the top of the 

 box of fruit while he tips the box over. The worker releases the bag and lifts 

 the box gently to allow the apples to flow out. 



- — William J. Lord 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



LIVESTOQC THRIVE ON APPLE POMACE 



In an experiment conducted by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station 

 and U.S.D.A's Beef Cattle Research Station at Front Royal, Virginia beef cattle 

 fed apple pomace not only thrived but gained more than animals eating locally 

 grown feed. 



Both wet pomace, containing 70 per cent moisture and dry pomace, derived from 

 the wet pomace by partial dehydration with steam heat to a moisture content of 

 about 4 per cent were fed. The v/et pomace was stored in a covered shed with 

 no packing or preservative. Even under these conditions the pomace remained 

 nutritious, palatable, and unspoiled. 



Unbred Shorthorn yearling heifers gained 115 pounds in 106 days on self- fed 

 dry apple pomace and a pound of cottonseed cake daily. Other heifers fed sorgo 

 - sudangrass - soybean silage and .75 pound of cottonseed cake gained only 32 

 pounds in the same period. 



The moral here is: Don't let valuable pomace go to waste when livestock 



