_4- 



Interfere with orchard operations they should be pruned heavily on the sides 

 adjacent to the permanent trees. By adopting this system of pruning the filler 

 trees may be left two or three years longer before removal. However, in many 

 orchards the suggestion is to prune the filler trees close to the ground. 



The main problems of caring for tall trees is how to lower their height 

 and how they should be pruned once the height is lowered. Some growers are still 

 attempting to lower tree height by cutting off all branches above a certain level. 

 This will not accomplish the desired results 1 Instead, a large number of water 

 sprouts will develop near the pruning cuts and many of these will grow to a height 

 greater than before lowering was attempted. To reduce tree height growers should 

 remove entirely tall branches or cut back to well placed strong lateral branches, 

 depending on the tree under consideration. 



In some cases growers are attempting to lower the tree height in one year and 

 are not leaving enough branches or water sprouts to shade exposed limbs. Such a 

 procedure results in considerable sunscald. If a tree has a number of tall branches, 

 all of these should not be removed in one year. Remove over a 2 or 3 year period. 



One of the objectives of lowering tall trees is to replace old wood on the 

 remaining limbs with young, vigorous fruiting wood. Some growers have left too 

 many water sprouts which are poorly placed. These water sprouts are in a key 

 position to receive the water and nutrients that othen^ise would go to the parent 

 scaffold branch. If too many of these water sprouts are left they may dwarf the 

 parent branch beyond their point of origin. Growers should remove all but the 

 most desireably located x^ater sprouts. It is the hope of the growers that as the 

 water sprouts develop side branches they will settle toward the outside of the 

 tree. Sometimes the water sprouts can be trained toward the outside of the tree 

 by heading back to an outward growing lateral branch. 



---W. J. Lord 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



NOTES ON NEW VARIETIES 



APPLE 



Beacon - A seedling of Malinda introduced by the University of Minnesota. Beacon 

 is a fairly attractive early apple of Early Mcintosh season or later. It may 

 warrant limited trial as an early apple. The Fenton and Miller's Red varieties 

 are indistinguishable from Beacon and in all probability are Beacon renamed. 



Crandall - A Rome Beauty x Jonathan cross introduced by the Illinois Agricultural 

 Experiment Station. Crandall is a late winter apple. It has not done well for us. 

 The fruit runs small and is poorly colored. Fruit quality is poor. Crandall does 

 not appear to be worthy of trial. 



Monroe - A Jonathan x Rome Beauty cross introduced by the New York Agricultural 

 Experiment Station. Monroe is a late winter cooking apple of only fair quality. 

 It is a fairly attractive apple with good color. The tree is very susceptible to 

 powdery mildew. Monroe does not look like a promising variety for Massachusetts. 



