-4- 



William Lievens, Woodmont Orchards in Derry has worked out a good system 

 of hand stacking in his new 20,000 box storage. The storage is high enough to 

 stack 18 boxes high and this is done in 3 layers of 6 boxes each. 3 x 8 x 3/4 

 plywood is used to walk on while stacking the second and third layers. Suffi- 

 cient plywood was purchased for a walk way the length of the storage rooms 

 for both the second and third layer. 



Stacking is Ptarted 4 boxes wide (the boxes set the long way with the wall) 

 along the wall opposite the door to the storage. The inner 3 stacks are covered 

 with plywood which leaves the stack next to the wall uncovered. Next this outer 

 row of boxes is stacked 12 high. Then another row is added to the lower layer 

 and the plywood moved out to cover this last row of boxes. This exposes another 

 row in the second layer which is stacked 12 high. This is continued until 4 rows 

 have been added to the second layer. The inner 3 rows of the second layer are 

 next covered with plywood which leaves the ron* next to the wall open for stacking 

 18 high. Then by adding a row of boxes first to the lower layer, and moving the 

 plywood out and next to the second layer, and moving the plywood out and then 

 stacking the third layer the storage can be progressively filled. 



The plywood provides a good working area and because it keeps all of the 

 fruit in the top layers well covered there is less damage of bruising the fruit 

 than when narrow boards are used. 



-— E. J. Rasmussen 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



ORCHARD PEST CONTROL BY AIR DUSTING 



(Editor's note - This is the first of a series of articles in which 

 Professor C. Lyman Calahan discusses "Orchard Pest Control by Air Dusting".) 



The use of the airplane for the application of apple pest control materials 

 has become an accepted and highly effective commercial practice by Vermont orchard- 

 ists since 1949. This does not mean that the method is new because an Indiana 

 orchard was airplane-dusted as long ago as 1925, and the use of airplanes for 

 the application of pest control sprays and dusts to field crops and to timber- 

 land has been on a commercial basis for a long time. The discovery of DDT, follow- 

 ed by the opening of the so-called "organic era" of, in many instances, highly 

 specific and effective insecticides and fungicides, made possible the effective 

 use of dusts especially when applied by air borne equipment. 



The first air dust test blocks were in the Southern Vermont Orchards at 

 Bennington back in 1949 and were a cooperative field trial project between the 

 U. S. Rubber Company and Mr. Paul Bohne who managed the orchard at that time. 

 It included 120 acres and Dichlone (Phygon) was the material used for primary 

 scab control with spectacular results. The first air dust recommendations were 

 published for use by Vermont orchardists in 1952 and the first full season air 

 dust schedule was published in 1954. During the 1958 season two air operators 

 applied around 300 tons of dusts to 33 orchards on a full season schedule and 

 about 10 more orchards on a primary scab control season schedule. One orchard 

 has not had any spray or dust materials applied to it in any other form except 

 air dusts for seven consecutive seasons. Several other orchards have been run on 

 this program for six seasons and are producing fine fruit without losses to scab 

 or insects. 



