-a- 



Water sprouts are very susceptible to early and continuous heavy infesta- 

 tions. Also, they are very difficult to spray vrall. These are two very good 

 reasons for getting water sprouts pulled out of trees by early July. You will 

 save money on pruning too. 



In the lead arsenate schedule, dcmeton, nicotine sulfate and TEPP are 

 the preferred aphicides because they will cause the least harm to beneficial 

 insects. Spraying must be thorough and should be done before extensive curl- 

 ing has occurred. 



For the organic schedule, demeton in either III or IV Cover should be 

 enough in most situations. It should be used before the foliage matures. 



Other phosphates, such as Diazinon, Trithion, malathion and TEPP, should 

 be adequate if used in a series of 2 or 3 applications for codling moth starting 

 with III or IV Cover. With TEPP and malathion, it may be necessary to shorten 

 the interval between sprays because reinfestation can take place very rapidly. 



The new carbamate insecticide, Sevin, is also an aphicide and may be used 

 against both codling moth and the green apple aphid in summer Cover Sprays. 

 Sevin does not kill mites. 



You cannot depend upon natural enemies where materials such as methoxy- 

 chlor, DDT, TDE, dieldrin and the residual phospliates are used. Susceptible 

 varieties are very likely to become infested --- seriously so, if v;eather 

 conditions are favorable and choice breeding areas, water sprouts, remain 

 in the trees. 



Know the situation in your orchards at all times. Start sunmer control 

 measures before extensive curling has been done. Repeat the application 

 soon enough to prevent build-up after reinfestation. Choose materials which 

 give you the advantage of added effectiveness against other pests. 



E. H. Wheeler 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



COtmiOL OF ORCHARD MICE SOIIETIIiES NECESSARY IN WINTER 



The control of meadc./ mice in orchards should be undertaken in the Fall and, 

 if necessary, in Winter and Spring. The greatest damage to fruit trees is sustain- 

 ed during late Fall and Winter. Damage is usually more severe during a hard 

 winter with continuous deep snot/, but severe injury may occur at any season. 



One thorough application of poisoned bait in the Fall may give protection for 

 the Winter, but the orchardist should re-examine his orchard after Fall poison- 

 baiting, during the Winter, and in early Spring as reinfestation from adjoining 

 areas may occur--thus making additional poisoning necessary. Zinc Phosphide- treated 

 Oats should be used in Winter if there are many runways in the snoi'/. When pruning 

 in the orchard, carry a supply of Zinc Phosphide-treated Oats and place a teaspoon- 

 ful in active runs at each tree base where mouse activity is observed. In this way, 

 a two- fold purpose can be accomplished and the mouse breeding potential reduced. 



The best time in Winter to inspect the orchard is usually after a thaw 

 when the trails are more evident. One teaspoonful of poisoned oats should be 

 placed every tx^enty feet directly in the active runuays under cover. It is not 

 advisable to place bait in exposed runways because they were made under snow 

 cover and are no longer in use. If trees have been girdled during the winter, 

 the orchard should be treated with poisoned apple in the Spring before bridge- 

 grafting; otherwise, the mice are apt to eat the grafts and continue to injure 

 the trees. 



