- 7 - 



Richared is preferred to Starking Delicious by the Pomology staff and most 

 growers because of the bright red color. The only new early coloring budsport 

 of Richared, that I know of, is Royal Red. 



The new early coloring budsports of Starking Delicious are numerous; how- 

 ever, the ones frequently mentioned are Starkrimson (Bisbee), Wellspur, and 

 Redspur, which are spur-types. 



William J. Lord 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



RESEARCH FROM OTHER AREAS 



(Items Included under this heading are for your information and may not apply to 

 Massachusetts conditions in all instances.) 



Experiments with Bulk Boxes for Mcintosh 



The Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the New York State Horti- 

 cultural Society contained an article by G. D. Blanpied, David C. Ludington, and 

 Martin I, Potter titled "1960 Experiments with Bulk Boxes for Mcintosh". In the 

 introduction of the article, the authors stimmarized the conclusions derived from 

 three previous experiments on handling Mcintosh apples in bulk boxes. The con- 

 clusions drawn from the first three experiments were as follows: "1) Mcintosh 

 apples harvested, handled and stored in 30 inch deep bulk boxes had 38 per cent 

 more total bruises than COTiparable apples handled in regular field lugs. 2) 

 Pressure bruising of Mcintosh apples stored in bulk boxes was directly propor- 

 tional to the depth of fruit in the box. That is, the deeper the box, the 

 greater the extent of bruising of apples in the box. 3) Picking, handling and 

 storing apples in 4' x 4' x 20" and 4' x 6' x 20" bulk boxes did not significantly 

 increase the number of bruises over the number normally encountered on comparable 

 apples handled in field lugs. 4) Picking, handling, storing and dumping apples 

 through the end-gate of 4' x 4' x 20" bulk boxes did not significantly increase 

 the extent of bruising." 



In the 1960 experiment the authors tested the end-gate dumping and the 

 water flotation methods of removing Mcintosh apples fran bulk boxes. Twenty 

 and 24 inch inside depth boxes were tested using these two methods. Smooth and 

 slotted sides on bulk boxes were tested to determine their effect, if any, on 

 bruising. Also, data were obtained on amount and severity of mechanical damage 

 that occurred during handling, storage and dumping of bulk boxes in comparison 

 with field crates. 



The following conclusions were drawn from the 1960 experiments with bulk 

 boxes : 



1. "Mcintosh apples can be handled in bulk boxes without significantly 

 increasing the extent of bruising." 



2. "There were significantly more skin punctvires when the apples were 



