- 4 - 



Early fruiting is not a valid reason because, except for Northern Spy, all 

 the commercially grown varieties in this state are being brought into early 

 fruiting unless poor cultural practices are involved. Early fruiting will not 

 be obtained by the use of dwarfing stocks where poor cultural practices prevail. 



The advantages of smaller sized trees can be argued from the standpoint of 

 pruning, spraying, and harvesting. However, an alert apple grower should be 

 given to understand that a mature bearing age dwarfed tree will surely be a 

 pruning challenge. The sparse use of dwarfing roots in the propagation practice 

 by propagators has been a factor which may in turn result in a percentage of 

 standard sized scion rooted trees intermixed with dwarfed trees. The use of 

 longer root pieces may involve an increased risk of winter injury. This is a 

 very ruinous and real threat because Mcintosh and Red Delicious trees on inter- 

 mediate rootstocks have been killed out of Quebec orchards less than 60 miles 

 from our area. 



Mcintosh and Delicious planted since 1955, which were propagated on Mailing 

 VII, are already showing signs of being weak-rooted and are being staked to 

 prevent losing them by tipping over. The performance of these stocks on the 

 unusually heavy soils of the Champlain Valley remains to be demonstrated. 



Winter injury to the scaffolds and trunk of Delicious, Northern Spy and even 

 Mcintosh is by far the most limiting factor in the long time production perfor- 

 mance of apple plantings In Vermont. 



Injury which occurred during the 1957-58 and the 1958-59 winters to some 

 Vermont mature Mcintosh plantings is now fully manifest and losses are very 

 significant. The use of the hardy rootstock and stem piece, M. Robusta V/5, is 

 the only clonal rootstock which Vermont apple growers are being encouraged to use. 



---C. Lyman Calahan 



Extension Horticulturist 

 University of Vermont 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



RENAMING OF STRAWBERRY VARIETIES 



Reports from the U.S.D.A. and observations made in our strawberry variety 

 trials at the University indicate that there are several rather new introductions 

 from nurserymen that are indistinguishable from older varieties. In the list 

 below the original name is given first. 



Armore indistinguishable from 



Dun lap 



Fairfax 



Gem 



Howard 17 



Midland 



Robinson 



Sparkle 



Red Cluster 



Parish 



Grandview, Cummerbund 



Superfection, Brilliant 



Polor Queen, Golden Bell 



Crimson Flash, Adonis 



Scarlet Beauty, Kardinal King 



Paymaster 



—William J. Lord 



