5. 



It can be noted in Table 2 that in previous years water core was more preva- 

 lent and severe in apples from these same trees on the 10th or 15th day of 

 October. The amount of water core in Starking Delicious on October 24, 1961 had 

 increased to 58 ol per cent. However, 48 per cent was classified as slight and 

 should disappear in storage. In the advanced stages of this disorder the water- 

 soaked spots are united to form a continuous band or the spots cover 30 per cent 

 or more of the cross-sectional area of the fruit. Water core is apt to persist 

 in storage and be followed by internal breakdown when much water core is evident 

 at harvest. Growers should watch closely those lots of Delicious having severe 

 water core at harvest time. If it is necessary to store these apples for a con- 

 siderable period, apple storage operators should make inspection of the fruit 

 throughout the storage season, not only for the presence of internal breakdown 

 but for other storage disorders. Regular inspections at regular two or three 

 week intervals, starting about Thanksgiving time, might help to eliminate serious 

 losses late in the storage period. 



Bitter pit on apples is a disorder which may be present at harvest but makes 

 further development after the fruit is placed in storage. Since the amount 

 increases during the storage period, a close watch should be kept on bitter pit 

 susceptible varieties. 



In order to be sure scald is not developing on such varieties as Cortland, 

 R. I. Greening, Rome Beauty and Mcintosh, it is necessary to place apples at room 

 temperature for several days. The placement of the samples in unsealed poly- 

 ethylene bags is suggested. Apples may show no scald in storage but within 

 several days at room temperature have 100 per cent scald. In case of regular 

 storage Mcintosh, the immature fruits usually scald worse. The opposite is true 

 with Mcintosh in CA storage. 



William J, Lord 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



POMOLOGICAL PARAGRAPH 



Cost to Grow, Harvest, Store and Sell Apples on New York State Cost Account Farms 



The September issue of Fruit Notes reported the research findings of Van 

 Travis and B. F. Stanton in their study titled "Costs and Use of Labor in 

 Harvesting Apples for Fresh Market, Hudson Valley, New York, 1959 and 1960". A 

 table was presented by Van Travis and B. F. Stanton to indicate the increasing 

 importance of harvesting costs. These data in the table indicated that on the 

 New York Cost Account Farms the cost to grow, harvest, store, and sell apples 

 during 1956 - 1958 averaged $1.46 per bushel. 



Several Massachusetts growers have asked about the cost figure of $1.46 and 

 wondered if the article was misquoted. These Massachusetts growers suggest that 

 costs of $2.25 to $2.65 per bushel to grow, harvest, store, and sell are nisre 

 realistic. Since the writer knew the figure of $1.46 was not misquoted and that 

 some of the New York State Cost Account Farms might sell apples mainly to 

 processors, he wrote Prof. B. F. Stanton for his comments. The following are 

 some excerpts from Prof. Stanton's reply. 



"Two-thirds of the apples produced on these farms are sold for processing. 



