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must be taken to spread the fine roots when the planting hole is filled with soil. 

 Too often have I seen planting operations where soil was pushed into the planting 

 hole quickly forcing the roots against the rootstock trunk. If this is done, 

 even a properly propagated and deeper planted tree will start leaning because the 

 roots present at planting do not contribute to anchorage of the tree. E.M. VII 

 appears to be best suited for heavier soils and stronger growing varieties. 

 Mcintosh, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and even Northern Spy do well on 

 E.M. Vll." 



E.M. II - "E.M. II is much more difficult to root and rootstock production is 

 slower than that of E.M. VII. Lining-out stock when planted in the nursery does 

 not give as high a survival because of sparse rooting. All stocks that grow and 

 that can be budded to a variety, however, develop a strong root system. These 

 strong roots grow at a right angle to the rootstock trunk and, therefore, should 

 provide excellent anchorage to the tree. Unfortunately, root distribution on the 

 young tree is not always even. Often the strongest roots develop more or less in 

 one direction only. Therefore, care must be taken that on planting in the 

 orchard the strongest roots point towards the direction of the prevailing strong 

 winds." 



William J. Lord 



I I I I I I f I I I I f f I ! I 



COin'RIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE FROM SUPPORTING FIELDS 



C. J. Gilgut, Extension Plant Pathologist 



C. A. Johnson, Extension Agricultural Engineer 



John W. Peterson, Assistant District Agent, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 



William R. Goss, Worcester County Extension Agent in Agriculture 



