a blight reststant frame. To accomplish this in the shortest time, the follow- 

 ing procedure is suggested: First Old Home is budded on quince. The following 

 year Bartlett is budded high, approximately 30 inches above the quince - Old 

 Home union. During the third growing season, the Bartlett bud will develop into 

 a shoot that will form the central leader of the resulting tree. At the same 

 time, 2 or 3 well spaced lateral shoots are allowed to grow on the 30 inch Old 

 Home trunk. These shoots will be grafted or budded to Bartlett after the tree 

 has been placed in its permanent orchard location. 



"The production o£ a Bartlett tree with a quince root system and an Old 

 Home frame requires careful attention in the nursery. Also, the grower must 

 properly whip graft the lateral branches. Time and attention to details is 

 necessary to obtain a finished tree. Such trees, however, have the advantage 

 that in case of a severe fire blight attack only the fruit bearing Bartlett 

 branches will be injured. If these are killed, the resistant Old Home scaffold 

 branches can be regrafted and the tree saved. 



"The nurseryman will probably hesitate to produce trees of this type but 

 will rather offer trees that have the short interstock. Where trees with a 

 blight resistant frame are Judged the most desirable it may become necessary 

 for the fruit grower himself to do the final top working. We would then rec- 

 ommend that strong one-year old whips of Old Home on quince roots tock be planted. 

 After they have become established in the orchard location they should be top 

 worked to the desired variety. 



"The angers Quince, EM type A rootstock acts not only as a tree size- 

 controlling root system for pear varieties, but also induces the variety to 

 start bearing at a younger age than on seedling roots. This is particularly true 

 with the Bartlett, which will bloom two years after planting, on a suitable site 

 and on a Beurre Hardy or Old Home interstock. Bosc and Clapp's Favorite, often 

 planted with Bartlett as pollinators, may require under the same growing condi- 

 tions three or more seasons before flowering. 



"Tree size comparisons between those on pear seedling and on Angers Quince, 

 EM type A clonal rootstocks indicate that mature trees on the latter are approxi- 

 mately one third the size of those on the seedlings. For that reason more trees 

 must be planted per acre to obtain maximvmi yields. A minimum planting distance 

 of 8 by 18 feet, or 300 trees per acre is suggested with Bartlett trees making 

 up the major portion. 



"Experience with pear on quince rootstock has taught us that special atten- 

 tion must be given to the training of young orchard trees. The best tree is that 

 which has a dominant central leader. Such trees can be obtained only if lateral 

 shoots are pruned back during the first few years after planting. To insure 

 success with pears on Angers Quince, EM type A rootstock, it is important to 

 have a suitable soil and favorable climate. In addition, the grower must train 

 the young trees with care to build a framework that can produce and maintain 

 maximum yields. As pointed out previously, the heavier soils with sufficient 

 organic matter are most suitable. Where suitable soils are not available, the 

 so-called standard trees, on seedling rootstocks should be preferred. Even 

 standard pear trees can be brought into production sooner by certain operations 

 carried out in late May, such as ringing and scoring, or by tying lateral 

 branches to a downward arching position. 



