6- 



State packing sheds was similar to that described by Perkins and Burt (An Improved 

 Work Station for the Manual Sorting, Sizing and Packing of Apples - Maine Agr. Exp, 

 Sta. and U.S.D.A. Misc. Publication 641). All work stations are tilted toward 

 the packer which gives a clear view into each container and males it easier to 

 slide full containers from the packing platform. Some growers placed metal strips 

 on top the packing platforma or cover them with sheet metal to further facilitate 

 the ease of sliding full containers. The supply racks are located directly over 

 where the cartons were being packed- The racks are divided into sections with 

 pads and partitions in each section for the carton being packed directly below 

 it. A chute was provided for the disposal of cull apples. These are constructed 

 of wood or sheet metal. The packer merely drops the cull apples Into the chute 

 and they roll into a box. This eliminates the necessity of the packer having to 

 reach under the table to dispose of cull apples. 



In one storage a switch was located by each packer. When a packer had a 

 full carton she flicks the switch which turns on a red light. The lights are 

 located so they can be easily seen by the man who is responsible for keeping the 

 conveyer loaded with fruit for packing and the removal of filled cartons. This 

 helps reduce the shouting and confusion in the packing shed, 



William J. Lord 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



MARGIN --- MARK-UP 



The terms "margin" and "mark-up" are being used in discussions of prices of 

 apples to retail stores. There does not appear to be a uniform understanding of 

 the two terms . 



A 257, margin is approximately equal to a SSZ mark-up. 



A 337., margin is approximately equal to a 507, mark-up. 



A 407« margin is approximately equal to a 667o mark-up. 



A 507„ margin is approximately equal to a 1007o mark-up. 



The word "approximate" is used here because of the current practice of rounding 

 the percentages of odd numbers to whole cents. 



"Margiri' is used generally in the analysis of retail businesses because the 

 total sales for a period is the one solid figure available. All costs of goods 

 sold, labor, overhead and profit must come out of the total sales amount. In 

 this instance, "margin" is used to represent the percentage of the retail price 

 retained by the store. 



"Mark-up" is used as a method of arriving at a retail price when costs are 

 more significant than price appeal. "Mark-up" is based upon the cost of goods 

 at wholesale. Now a days price appeal is considered important in retail pricing 

 and is the basis for the 39, 49 and 59 cent prices. "Mark-up" is therefore 

 seldom used. 



