An ecologica] study of Insect populations on apple, conducted in 

 Wisconsin by Dr. E. R. Oatman et al. and published in the December 1961 

 issue of the Journal of Economic Entomology, showed this number of spe- 

 cies to be present on ai^ple. A mature, isolated block of 3 acres, con- 

 taining Snoi\?, Greening and Wealthy, was used in t1ie study, wTiieh covered 

 a period of 4 years. The insect fauna was surveyed weekly beginning at 

 the Silvertip Stage and continued until frost. Survey metliods included 

 limb-.jarring; sampling of leaves, spurs and terminals; trunk-banding; 

 and sticky-board and black-light trapping. 



In the study, a total of 43 species were considered ccruiomjcally 

 im])ortant to the app]e crop. About half the species (22) reported to 

 be in.jurious to apple were lopidoptcrous (moth) species „ In addition 

 to the 43 injurious species, many species were predaceous or parasitic 

 on other insects, i.e. they were beneficial. 



A *.'.' *.t A 'Jt A ^ '. V ^ A ^ A A A A 



"EMPTY"' PESTICIDE CONTAINERS? 



E. H. l^/heeler 

 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology 



An "empty" pesticide container is NEVER "emptyl" 



Tliat's not a joke! It c^ould be very serious I 



Did you ever get al-1 the powdered pesticide out of a_ patter bag or 

 a_ drum ':' Of course not; nobody does I 



Did you ever get those last few drops of liquid pesticide out of a 

 can , drum , pail or bottle ? Not without rinsing and even then you didn't 

 get out all the rinse water; and just rinsing does not remove some pesti- 

 cidesl 



"Empty" pesticide containers are dangerous to have around - even 

 for a short time. Most of them contained concentrated - not dilute - 

 pesticides. Some contained highly poisonous and/or volatile chemicals. 



It's too easy for someone to put food, feed or drink into that 

 "clean" pail or bottle that's handyl 



Common sense should tell you to get rid of those "empty" pesticide 

 containers soon and so as to not create a further hazard . 



You could be legally liable if someone is injured or made ill be- 

 cause you have let "empty" pesticide containers stay around. 



