- 8 



The fungus overwinters as a saprophyte on dead twigs, old 

 fruit spurs, and especially on immature fruit mummies or "June 

 drops" which did not drop. These are \/ery common on Cortland trees 

 The spores are discharged during rainy periods in the spring and 

 early summer. The heaviest spore release usually takes place 

 around bloom or petal-fall time. Spores are disseminated by rain, 

 wind-blown mist, and insects. 



and c 



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ee vigor 

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 r pruner 

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 s were a 

 leaf spo 

 thinning 

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of 

 it 



Spraying with captan, folpet, or a di thiocarbamate (ferbam, 

 thiram, etc.) fungicide is partially effective in controlling leaf 

 spot and fruit rot. On the other hand, dodine, glyodin, and dich- 

 lone were less effective in our orchard trials. Proper control of 

 insects should also reduce the amount of fruit infection. 



Cortland appears to be highly susceptible to frogeye leaf spot 

 and black rot. It may not actually be more susceptible than other 

 standard varieties, but the increased inoculum from the immature 

 apple mummies results in heavier infection. Mcintosh is susceptible 

 to the canker phase of the disease, but leaf spot and fruit rot oc- 

 cur less commonly on this variety. 



***************** 



ARE INSECTICIDES THAT HAVE BEEN STORED STILL GOOD? 



Gary L. Jensen 

 Ass't Professor of Entomology 

 University of Massachusetts 



Growers nearly always have some insecticides left at the end 

 of each year. While in storage, these pesticides may become frozen 

 or may lose some of their desirable characteristics. A few simple 

 tests may help the grower to determine whether or not these pesti- 

 cides are still any good after storage. 



