Heat is another method of frost protection. Many small fires 

 (100 heat blocks per acre) are more effective than a few large fires 

 Light the blocks when the temperature drops to freezing and light 

 only those required to hold the temperature above freezing! 



Weed and pest control : Of prime importance in the success of straw- 

 berry growing is good weed control and the control of insects and 

 diseases. Improper timing of application and lack of moisture fol- 

 lowing the use of a pre-emergence herbicide are the frequent cause 

 of poor weed control and result in the necessity of using expensive 

 hand labor for the removal of weeds. 



Too many growers allow their yields to be reduced by cutworms 

 and fruit rots when these problems can be controlled easily by fol 

 lowing suggestions in the Strawberry Pest Control Chart, 



Prevention of winter injury : 



Plants that are hardened off can with- 

 stand crown temperatures of 24° without injury, but sudden cold snaps 

 early in the fall before plants are completely hardened can cause in- 

 jury at 28°. Crown temperatures of 20° or lower can cause serious 

 injury or death of plants. The degree of plant injury depends, how- 

 ever, on such variables as weather conditions prior to the cold per- 

 iod, the duration of the cold period and the rapidity of freezing 

 and thawing. 



help prevent winter injury 

 applied about mid-November 



In Massachusetts, the 

 after the plants are dor- 



temperatures below 24° occur. Mulching material 



Mulch will 

 mulch should be 

 mant but before 



should be coarse so that it does not pack tightly and should be ap- 

 plied in a layer about 3 inches thick. Rye straw makes a good mulch 

 Salt marsh hay and pine needles are popular mulches. Do not remove 

 the mulch until the "odds are against" damaging temperatures but be- 

 fore the plants start to turn yellow beneath it. Replace part of 

 the mulch to keep the berries off the ground. 



*************** 



POMOLOGICAL PARAGRAPH 



Red Spider Mite Damage on Young Fruit Trees may 



leaf s 

 matter 

 pi um a 

 was sp 

 crease 

 shoot 

 iate p 

 accord 

 Mi tes 

 to the 

 1 eaves 



1 ze, s 



conte 



nd app 



eckl ed 



d shoo 



growth 



opul at 



ing to 



appare 



ol der 



bri ng 



hoot exte 

 nt. The 

 le was fo 

 , or appe 

 t growth 



Conver 

 ion densi 



D.J. Ave 

 ntly feed 



parts of 

 s about p 



nsion 

 net c 

 und t 

 ared 

 befor 

 sely, 

 ties , 

 ry an 

 firs 

 the 

 a r t i a 



def 

 arbon 



dec 

 bronz 

 e ass 



shoo 

 0.8 

 d J.B 

 t on 

 stem 



1 clo 



ol iation 

 dioxide 

 rease li 

 e in col 

 imi 1 atio 

 t growth 

 to 2.1 m 

 . Briggs 

 leaves w 

 and root 

 sing of 



and ph 

 a s s i m i 1 

 ttle unt 

 or. How 

 n, and r 

 was inc 

 ites per 

 , East M 

 hich exp 

 s . T h e i 

 the stom 



affect root growth, 

 otosynthesis and dry 

 ation by leaves of 

 il 50% of the leaf 

 ever, infection de- 

 oot growth before 

 reased by intermed- 



square centimeter, 

 al 1 ing, Eng1 and . 

 ort photosynthates 

 r damage to the 

 ata, and reduced tranS' 



