- 4 - 



A 

 d i V i d u 

 trees 

 popul a 

 area b 

 obtai n 

 the li 

 u 1 a 1 1 

 resul t 

 i n g a r 

 t i n . 

 t i n 

 these 

 where 

 tend t 

 oni es 

 In add 

 ny pro 

 be kep 

 should 

 light 



1 so , we 

 al bees 

 or to a 

 t i n s a 

 ecause 



nectar 

 k e 1 i h 

 n s i n c r 

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 ea, whi 



For al 

 f honey 

 reasons 

 the flo 

 imped 

 per acr 

 i t i n , 

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be r i 

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know 



tend 



djace 



re hi 



they 



or p 

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 bees 

 are 

 wer p 

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 when 

 sides 

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 ented 

 out t 



that in 



to 1 i m i 

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 gh, the 

 have to 

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 cross po 

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 both bee 

 a i n i n c r 

 these re 



should 

 even mor 

 p u 1 a t i 

 ss polli 

 recommen 

 weather 



of tree 

 en the o 



to expo 

 he day. 



standard 

 t their fo 



of trees, 

 bees incre 

 search har 

 High forag 

 1 1 i n a t i n , 

 er of bee- 

 s taking a 

 eases the 

 asons, the 

 be s u p p 1 i e 

 e import an 

 ns are hig 

 nation. T 

 ded for ma 

 is m a r g i n a 

 s . I f at 

 rchard is 

 s e both si 



plantings of large trees, in- 

 raging activity to one or two 



We know that when foraging 

 ase the size of their working 

 der and visit more flowers to 

 ing populations thus improve 



and we know that higher pop- 

 to-bee contacts, which often 



long flight to another work- 

 likelihood of cross pollina- 



highest practicable popula- 

 d in standard orchards and 

 t with high density orchards 

 her and the planting patterns 

 herefore, a minimum of 2 col- 

 ture high density orchards. 

 1, bees tend to work the sun- 

 all possible, this fact should 

 planted; if feasible, rows 

 des of the trees to equal sun- 



Honey bees are biologically inclined to exploit more than one 

 source of nectar or pollen during any given period if it is at all 

 possible. This tendency gives the colony a certain amount of in- 

 surance against the possibility that a single source might fail. 

 However, from the orchardist's viewpoint, it merely means that some 

 of the pollinators for which he is paying are being diverted to 

 other nonproductive activities. The orchardist can reduce the di- 

 version by eliminating competing bloom (primarily dandelion or mus- 

 tard) wherever possible. Waiting until the fruit trees are at 

 least 10% in bloom before bees are brought into the orchard reduces 

 the orientation of forages to competing flowers. 



Colonies used to supply pollinators should be strong enough 

 to do a good job. Therefore, colonies worth the rental fee should 

 have enough bees to cover at least six frames, and at least four 

 of these frames should be more than half filled with brood (the 

 collective name given to the three immature stages of bees - eggs, 

 larvae and pupae). The other frames should be well furnished with 

 reserves of food, stored pollen and honey. Also, the colony should 

 have an actively laying queen and should have good flight activity 

 at the entrance when weather is favorable 



