- 7 - 



1. Many pests of apples exist in the orchards, and must be held 

 below economic injury levels. There are no known effective biolog- 

 ical controls for some of these pests, hence, chemicals must be re- 

 lied on to keep them in check. This must be done without eliminat- 

 ing the natural enemies of the pests that can be held in check 

 with biological controls. 



2. There are few insecticides which are selectively toxic, i.e., 

 most commercially successful insecticides kill many kinds of in- 

 sects. This makes the above mentioned difficulty even more acute. 



3. Integrated control systems require a great amount of effort on 

 the orchard manager's part, for he must constantly be aware of the 

 pest and predator situation in his orchard. 



I. ! c( I . \ na I. I iiM ri g , r u nil u i d l i ri 



must be closely supervised by 



spectrum of insect and mite pests on apples, 



urrently availabl-e is essen- 

 pplication of these materials 

 hard manaaer. 



4. Due to the large b^;cv. or um 



use of the suitable spray chemicals c 



tial. The timing, formulating, and app 



the orchard manager 



Integrated Pest Control Study 



The effectiveness of a modified integrated control program 

 was tested in a 6-year-old block of Mcintosh and Red Delicious ap- 

 ple trees at the Horticultural Research Center, Belchertown, Massa- 

 chusetts in 1971. Spray applications were applied at 6X concentra- 

 tion with a Kinkelder mist sprayer, except for a dormant oil spray 

 which was applied with a Hardie speed sprayer. 



norma 

 ful t 

 vol ve 

 drawn 

 i ne s 

 was d 

 each 

 spray 

 and p 

 After 

 spray 

 and p 

 a p p 1 i 



Half 

 1 mann 

 natu 

 d the 



betwe 

 prayi n 

 rawn b 

 tree w 

 i n g s u 

 redato 



spray 

 ed por 

 a r a s i t 

 cation 



f the 

 e r u s i 

 ral en 

 al tern 

 en row 

 g from 

 etween 

 as spr 

 pposed 

 rs whi 

 ing, t 

 t i n 

 e popu 

 s shou 



trees 

 ng pe 

 emies 

 ate m 

 s 1 a 

 both 

 rows 

 ayed 

 ly pr 

 ch ar 

 he be 

 f the 

 1 a t i 

 Id be 



serv 

 s t i c i 

 . Th 

 iddle 

 nd 2, 



side 



2 an 

 duri n 

 ovi de 

 e gen 

 n e f i c 



tree 

 ns in 



nece 



ed as 

 des wh 

 e inte 

 row 

 3 and 

 s . Fo 

 d 3, 4 

 g each 

 s an u 

 eral ly 

 i a 1 in 

 s and 

 crease 

 ssary . 



control 

 ich are 

 grated 

 f spray 



4, 5 a 

 r the n 



and 5 , 



a p p 1 i c 

 nspraye 



more m 

 sects a 

 avoid b 

 , fewer 



s and 

 repu 

 porti 

 ing, 

 nd 6 

 ext a 

 etc. 

 ati on 

 d hav 

 obi le 

 re ab 

 ei ng 

 pest 



were 

 tedly 

 on of 

 i.e., 

 etc. , 

 ppl i c 

 Thu 

 . Th 

 en fo 



than 

 1 e to 

 kille 

 i cide 



sprayed 



the lea 



the bio 



the rig 



with th 



ation, t 



s, only 



is patte 



r the pa 



their p 



move to 



d. As p 



a p p 1 i c a 



in the 

 st harm- 

 c k i n - 



was 

 e mach- 

 h e rig 

 half of 

 rn of 

 rasi tes 

 rey . 



the un- 

 redator 

 t i n s 



Similar pesticides were used in both blocks, however the in- 

 tegrated block received only about half the quantity used in the 

 control block due to the alternate-row spraying technique. 



The trees were surveyed periodically for the presence of in- 

 sect pests, parasites and predators. Both the aphid and European 

 red mite populations built up to a peak in mid-September in the 

 integrated block. At this time, the aphids occurred at about 3 



