4. Eoologioal and Behavior Researoh Needs. Population dynam- 

 ics, life tables, behavior, dispersal and host orientation. 



5. Regional Communication and Cooperation. Discussion of 

 means of providing future regional communication and delineation 

 of areas of possible cooperative research. 



Dr. Ed Glass, head of the Entomology Department, reported that 

 in all of their research programs with delineation, altering and 

 reducing the number of sprays, the apple maggot has been their most 

 serious pest. It is apparent that most of the apple maggot problem 

 in commercial orchards comes from abandoned orchards, home trees 

 and possibly some hawthorn species. The flies apparently migrate 

 from these areas into commercial orchards. In order to monitor 

 this movement, a couple of different traps have been used. The yel- 

 low trap is most effective in catching female flies with undevel- 

 oped ovaries while the red traps are most effective in catching fe- 

 males ready to lay their eggs into the fruit. Workers in Connecti- 

 cut have found that the yellow traps are more effective than the 

 red sphere traps in defoliated trees while the reverse is true in 

 foliated trees. One of the most important results of the meeting 

 was the standardization of the two traps used. The yellow trap is 

 to be made from the top portion of the ICY Pherocon trap and is to 

 be coated with the adhesi ve/attractant consisting of ammonium ace- 

 tate (50%) and HyCase (50%). The price of each trap is $0.35. The 

 red spheres wil 1 be an 8 cm diameter plastic ball painted with two 

 coats of Red Tartar paint. The price per trap is $0.65 for less 

 than 1000 traps, or $0.55 for more than 1000 traps. Dr. Gary Jensen 

 Extension Entomologist, will be conducting a trapping program using 

 these traps this summer in both the University Orchard and commer- 

 cail orchards. At the same time. Dr. John Soffolano will be evalu- 

 ating the reproductive condition of the flies caught in these traps. 

 Such trapping programs are designed to help the grower time his 

 sprays and possibly to help determine population levels. 



Another topic that raised considerable discussion was that of 

 the flight capabilities and dispersal characteristics of the adult 

 flies. The Canadian researchers felt that if old abandoned orchards 

 were removed from within one-quarter mile of commercial orchards, 

 the growers would be protected. This, however, would depend on the 

 type of habitat existing between the old trees and the orchard. 

 Michigan researchers felt that the adults could travel up to one- 

 half mile. It was evident that more research in this area is needed. 

 In one study, it was shown that 1.2 to 1.5% of the adult flies in 

 an unsprayed orchard were leaving those orchards. Why they were 

 doing this and where they were going was not determined. 



Workers at Geneva sprayed an abandoned orchard one year and 

 then left it unsprayed to determine the rate of re-infestation of 

 maggot. The year the orchard was sprayed no maggots were found in 

 the fruit. The first year after discontinuation of spraying, fruit 



