drain water from refrigerators and ice boxes, and floor scrubbings 

 saturated with food particles. In short, practice good sanitation 

 to help eliminate these and other insects. 



In food establishments (and roadside markets) , fruit flies 

 can be controlled by frequent application of pyrethrum-synergist 

 sprays, fogs or aerosals (the synergist is usually piperonyl but- 

 oxide). Frequent applications are necessary inasmuch as these sprays 

 are of necessity very short-lived or non-persistent. Such sprays 

 may be applied directly to the fruits in bags, boxes or bins, since 

 pyrethrum has a low order of toxicity to warm-blooded animals and 

 produces no harmful residues on food crops when used according to 

 the directions on the label. 



Outdoors around packing or processing plants, unloading docks, 

 outside walls and other areas where fruits are not present, may be 

 treated shortly before the picking season begins and during shut- 

 downs every 7 to 10 days with Diazinon* - 4 lbs 50% WP per 25 gals 

 of water. 



AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 



ORCHARD MOUSE CONTROL 



Edward R. Ladd, Wildlife Biologist 

 U.S. Fish ^ Wildlife Service 

 Hadley, Massachusetts 



Control of two native species of mice in orchards is a necess- 

 ity if fruit growers are to prevent damage to their trees during 

 the winter months. Girdling of tree trunks by meadow mice can occur 

 in a relatively short time and, if severe enough, will cause immed- 

 iate loss of trees. Damage by these mammals is not restricted to 

 the fall. It can occur, and does, at any time. 



A more insidious damage to apple trees is that caused by the 

 pine mouse. This animal is primarily a burrowing rodent. It, too, 

 girdles trees. However, its activity and damage are confined mostly 

 to the root system. Loss of a tree may not be immediate, depending 

 on the severity of the injury. Only a general loss of the tree's 

 vigor or yield may result. 



Since an infestation of pine mice may not be readily apparent, 

 orchardists should check blocks of trees periodically. This will 

 make control easier if the locations of this particular species are 

 known. During the growing season, the easiest method for detecting 

 the presence of pine mice is to probe under trees and locate their 

 their subsurface runways. In the fall, just after harvest, probing 

 can be supplemented by searching for mounds of fine soil, pushed up 



*Trade name 



